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Kuraokami
, , or is a legendary Japanese dragon and Shinto deity of rain and snow. In Japanese mythology, the sibling progenitors Izanagi and Izanami gave birth to the islands and gods of Japan. After Izanami died from burns during the childbirth of the fire deity Kagutsuchi, Izanagi was enraged and killed his son. Kagutsuchi's blood or body, according to differing versions of the legend, created several other deities, including Kuraokami.
==Name==
The name Kuraokami combines ''kura'' 闇 "dark; darkness; closed" and ''okami'' 龗 "dragon tutelary of water". This uncommon kanji ''(o)kami'' or ''rei'' 龗, borrowed from the Chinese character ''ling'' 龗 "rain-dragon; mysterious" (written with the "rain" radical 雨, 3 口 "mouths", and a phonetic of ''long'' 龍 "dragon") is a variant Chinese character for Japanese ''rei'' < Chinese ''ling'' 靈 "rain-prayer; supernatural; spiritual" (with 2 巫 "shamans" instead of a "dragon"). Compare this 33-stroke 龗 logograph with the simpler 24-stroke variant 靇 ("rain" and "dragon" without the "mouths"), read either ''rei'' < ''ling'' 靇 "rain prayer; supernatural" or ''ryō'' < ''long'' 靇 "sound of thunder", when used for ''ryo'' < ''long'' 隆 reduplicated in ''ryōryō'' < ''longlong'' 隆隆 "rumble; boom".
Marinus Willem de Visser (1913:136) cites the 713 CE ''Bungo Fudoki'' 豊後風土記 that ''okami'' is written 蛇龍 "snake dragon" in a context about legendary Emperor Keikō seeing an ''okami'' dragon in a well, and concludes, "This and later ideas about Kura-okami show that this divinity is a dragon or snake." Grafton Elliot Smith provides a Trans-cultural diffusionist perspective.
The snake takes a more obtrusive part in the Japanese than in the Chinese dragon and it frequently manifests itself as a god of the sea. The old Japanese sea-gods were often female water-snakes. The cultural influences which reached Japan from the south by way of Indonesia — many centuries before the coming of Buddhism — naturally emphasized the serpent form of the dragon and its connexion with the ocean. (1919:101)
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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