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Kurdistan
Kurdistan (Kurdish: ; "Homeland of the Kurds or Land of the Kurds";〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325241/Kurdistan )〕 also formerly spelled ''Curdistan'';〔The Edinburgh encyclopaedia, conducted by D. Brewster—Page 511, Original from Oxford University—published 1830〕〔An Account of the State of Roman-Catholick Religion, Sir Richard Steele, Published 1715〕 ancient name: ''Corduene''〔N. Maxoudian, ''Early Armenia as an Empire: The Career of Tigranes III, 95–55 BC'', Journal of The Royal Central Asian Society, Vol. 39, Issue 2, April 1952 , pp. 156–163.〕〔A.D. Lee, ''The Role of Hostages in Roman Diplomacy with Sasanian Persia'', Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Vol. 40, No. 3 (1991), pp. 366–374 (see p.371)〕〔M. Sicker, ''The pre-Islamic Middle East'', 231 pp., Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000, (see p.181)〕〔J. den Boeft, ''Philological and historical commentary on Ammianus Marcellinus XXIII'', 299 pp., Bouma Publishers, 1998. (see p.44)〕〔J. F. Matthews, ''Political life and culture in late Roman society'', 304 pp., 1985〕〔George Henry Townsend, ''A manual of dates: a dictionary of reference to the most important events in the history of mankind to be found in authentic records'', 1116 pp., Warne, 1867. (see p.556)〕〔F. Stark, ''Rome on the Euphrates: the story of a frontier'', 481 pp., 1966. (see p.342)〕) (Arabic:أرض الأكراد Ard al-Akrad), or Greater Kurdistan, is a roughly defined geo-cultural region wherein the Kurdish people form a prominent majority population, and Kurdish culture, language, and national identity have historically been based.〔M. T. O'Shea, ''Trapped between the map and reality: geography and perceptions of Kurdistan '', 258 pp., Routledge, 2004. (see p.77)〕 Kurdistan roughly encompasses the northwestern Zagros and the eastern Taurus mountain ranges.〔(Kurdistan ), Britannica Concise.〕
Contemporary use of the term refers to four parts of a greater Kurdistan, which include parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northern Syria (Western Kurdistan), northern Iraq (Southern Kurdistan), and western Iran (Eastern Kurdistan).〔''Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland'', (2014), by Ofra Bengio, University of Texas Press〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2005 )〕 Some Kurdish nationalist organizations seek to create an independent nation state of Kurdistan, consisting of some or all of the areas with Kurdish majority, while others campaign for greater Kurdish autonomy within the existing national boundaries.〔Hamit Bozarslan “The Kurdish Question: Can it be solved within Europe?”, (page 84 “The years of silence and of renewal” ) in Olivier Roy, ed. “Turkey Today: A European Country?”.〕
Iraqi Kurdistan first gained autonomous status in a 1970 agreement with the Iraqi government, and its status was re-confirmed as an autonomous entity within the federal Iraqi republic in 2005.〔Iraqi Constitution, Article 113.〕 There is a province by the name ''Kurdistan'' in Iran; it is not self-ruled. Kurds fighting in the Syrian Civil War were able to take control of large sections of northern Syria as forces loyal to Bashar al-Assad withdrew to fight elsewhere. Having established their own government, some Kurds called for autonomy in a democratic Syria; others hoped to establish an independent Kurdistan.
==History==
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