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Kvass
Kvass is a traditional Slavic and Baltic fermented beverage commonly made from black or regular rye bread. The colour of the bread used contributes to the colour of the resulting drink. It is classified as a non-alcoholic drink by Russian and Ukrainian standards, as the alcohol content from fermentation is typically less than 1.2%.〔(ГОСТ Р 52409-2005. Продукция безалкогольного и слабоалкогольного производства ) ("GOST Р 52409-2005. Production of non-alcoholic and mildly alcoholic products") 〕 Generally, the alcohol content is low (0.5–1.0%).〔Ian Spencer Hornsey. ''A history of beer and brewing'', (page 8 ). Royal Society of Chemistry, 2003. "A similar, low alcohol (0.5–1.0%) drink, kvass … may be a 'fossil beer'".〕 It may be flavoured with fruits such as strawberries and raisins, or with herbs such as mint.
It is especially popular in Russia and Ukraine, but also well-known throughout Belarus, Estonia, Serbia, Poland, Latvia and Lithuania, as well as in other former Soviet states such as Georgia, Kazakhstan and Armenia, where many kvass vendors sell the drink in the streets.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Michael Jackson's Beer Hunter - Porter and kvass in St. Petersburg )〕 Kvass is also popular in Harbin〔(哈尔滨特色饮料“格瓦斯”竞相亮相哈洽会 )〕 and Xinjiang, China, where Russian culture has had an influence.
== Terminology ==
The word "Kvass" is derived from Old Church Slavonic квасъ from Proto-Slavic
*''kvasъ'' ("leaven", "fermented drink") and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European base ''kwat''.〔Max Vasmer. ''Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Winter'', Heidelberg, 1953–1958 (in German). Russian translation by Oleg Trubachyov: Этимологический словарь русского языка. Progress, Moscow, 1964–1973. (квас )〕〔Олег Николааевич Трубачёв и др. ''Этимологический словарь славянских языков''. Академия наук СССР, Москва, т. (13 ) (1987), с. 153 (Oleg Trubachyov et al. ''Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages''. USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, vol. 13 (1987), p. 153; in Russian)〕 Today the words used are almost the same: in Belarusian: квас, ''kvas''; Chinese: 格瓦斯/克瓦斯, ''géwǎsī''/''kèwǎsī''; Latvian: ''kvass''; Polish ''kwas chlebowy'' (bread kvass); Russian: квас, ''kvas''; in Ukrainian: квас/хлібний квас/сирівець, ''kvas''/''khlibny kvas''/''syrivets''. Except Lithuanian: gira, which means ''beverage'' similar to Latvian ''dzira''. In Estonian: ''kali'', which means "leaven".
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