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Gwonbeop
Kwonbeop is the term for unarmed methods in Korean martial arts as developed in the Joseon era (15th to 19th centuries). It is the Korean rendition of the Chinese ''Quan fa'' (拳法).
==Early development==
Destruction of the Korean palace and its libraries in 1126 as well as the Mongols invasion in 1231 and the subsequent Mongol domination of Korea (Yuan Dynasty 1231-1356) has eliminated any literary history of Korea prior to that time. As a result, no first-hand accounts of the origins of Gwon Beop practices in Korea is known. However, in 1145, King Injong (r. 1112-1146) ordered a Confucian Scholar, KIM Bu-sik, to compile ''Sam Kuk Sagi'' (lit. "History of the Three Kingdoms"). Some 100 years later a Buddhist monk, Iryeon, compiled the ''Sam Kuk Yusa'' (lit.: "Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms").〔''Handbook of Korea'' Korean Overseas Information Service, 2003; pg 57-58〕 Both works indicate that militant attitudes between and among the three major States of the Three Kingdoms Period (37 BCE - 660 AD) resulted in each nation developing an institution for training its warriors in Military Science. While the term ''Gwon Beop '' was not used, cadets of the Pyong Dang ("educational institute") in the Goguryeo kingdom learned punching, strikes and kicks (K. ''Ji Leu Ki Beop''), while cadets of the Silla Kingdom learned ''Chil Kuk'' (kicks) and ''Soo Bak'' (punches and strikes). In the Kingdom of Baekje, "empty-hand fighting" (K. ''Soo Sool'') was included in the training. Consolidation of the Korean peninsula under Silla in 668 enhanced the Silla approach to hand-to-hand combat over its neighbors, though continued and repeated conflicts provided opportunity to refine and enhance the material. Infrequent references to Soo Bak contests indicates that contests in unarmed combat, often with considerable wagering by the audience, occurred on holidays and other special occasions up until the invasion and dominance of Korea by Mongols (1231 - 1392)〔Kimm, He-young History of Korea and Hapkido Andrew Jackson College Press, 2001; pgs 52-58〕
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