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Mathieu Kérékou
Mathieu Kérékou (:ma.tjø ke.ʁe.ku) (2 September 1933 – 14 October 2015) was President of Benin from 1972 to 1991 and again from 1996 to 2006. After seizing power in a military coup, he ruled the country for 17 years, for most of that time under an officially Marxist–Leninist ideology, before he was stripped of his powers by the National Conference of 1990. He was defeated in the 1991 presidential election, but was returned to the presidency in the 1996 election and controversially re-elected in 2001.
==Military background==
Kérékou was born in 1933 in Kouarfa,〔("Après 29 ans de pouvoir, le Président Kérékou tire sa révérence" ), IRIN, 6 April 2006 .〕 in north-west French Dahomey. After having studied at military schools in modern-day Mali and Senegal,〔 Kérékou served in the military. Following independence, from 1961 to 1963 he was an ''aide-de-camp'' to Dahomeyan President Hubert Maga; following Maurice Kouandété's seizure of power in December 1967, Kérékou, who was his cousin,〔〔'Kunle Amuwo, "The State and the Politics of Democratic Consolidation in Benin, 1990–1999", in ''Political Liberalization and Democratization in Africa'' (2003), ed. Ihonvbere and Mbaku. ISBN 978-0275975067.〕 was made chairman of the Military Revolutionary Council.〔 After Kérékou attended French military schools from 1968 to 1970,〔 Maga made him a major, deputy chief of staff, and commander of the Ouidah paratroop unit.〔〔
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