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Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by Russian German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen himself, notably in 1918 and 1936. Later, German climatologist Rudolf Geiger collaborated with Köppen on changes to the classification system, which is thus sometimes referred to as the Köppen–Geiger climate classification system. In the 1960s the Trewartha climate classification system was considered a modified Köppen system that addressed some of the deficiencies (mostly that the middle latitude climate zone was too broad) of the Köppen system. The system is based on the concept that native vegetation is the best expression of climate. Thus, climate zone boundaries have been selected with vegetation distribution in mind. It combines average annual and monthly temperatures and precipitation, and the seasonality of precipitation. ==Scheme== The Köppen climate classification scheme divides climates into five main groups (A, B, C, D, E), each having several types and subtypes. Each particular climate type is represented by a two- to four-letter symbol. Group A: Tropical/megathermal climates: * Tropical rainforest climate (''Af'') * Tropical monsoon climate (''Am'') * Tropical wet and dry or savanna climate (''Aw'') Group B: Dry (arid and semiarid) climates: * Desert climate BW: Hot desert (''BWh''), Cold desert (''BWk'') * Steppe climate (Semi-arid) BS: Hot steppe (''BSh''), Cold steppe (''BSk'') Group C: Temperate/mesothermal climates: * Dry-summer or Mediterranean climates (''Csa/Csb'') * Humid subtropical climates (''Cwa'',''Cfa'') * Maritime temperate climates or Oceanic climates (''Cwb'', ''Cwc'',''Cfb'', ''Cfc'') * Temperate highland tropical climate with dry winters (''Cwb'', ''Cwc'') * Maritime subarctic climates or subpolar oceanic climates (''Cfc'') * Dry-summer maritime subalpine climates (''Csc'') Group D: Continental/microthermal climates * Hot summer continental climates (''Dsa'', ''Dwa'', ''Dfa'') * Warm summer continental or hemiboreal climates (''Dsb'', ''Dwb'', ''Dfb'') * Continental subarctic or boreal (taiga) climates (''Dsc'', ''Dwc'', ''Dfc'') * Continental subarctic climates with extremely severe winters (''Dsd'', ''Dwd'', ''Dfd'') Group E: Polar and alpine climates: * Tundra climate (''ET'') * Ice cap climate (''EF'') 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Köppen climate classification」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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