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Kōban
A is a small neighborhood police station found in Japan. Kōban also refers to the smallest organizational unit in today's Japanese police system. In addition to central police stations, Japanese uniformed police work is done from small buildings located within the community, a form of community policing. , there are about 6,000 kōban all over Japan.〔(''Enhancement plan of kōban functionality'' (今後の交番機能の強化対策の推進について) ), National Police Agency of Japan, viewed April 8, 2009 〕 Since the 1990s, many of them are found with signs in Roman letters: "Koban".〔 — official signs〕
==Overview==
A ''kōban'' is typically a two-storied housing with a couple of rooms (although there is wide variation), with from one to more than ten police officers. The officers in these buildings can keep watch, respond to emergencies, give directions, and otherwise interact with citizens on a more intimate basis than they could from a more distant station. Although often translated to English as "police box", the ''kōban'' bears little resemblance to the British police box.
The name ''kōban'' derives from the name of the earliest structure built in 1874, which were indeed simple boxes meant for , thus creating a compound word consisting of and . Soon after, in 1881, kōban were transformed into local community stations with as many as six officers and a new official name was given to it — although its common name, "kōban" survived. "Kōban" was further systematized and spread out nationwide, playing an important role in the Japanese police system over decades. It was in 1994 when once again the official name of was changed back to ''kōban''. One of the issues recognized in the last several years as most significant around the kōban system was the existence of . According to the National Police Agency, this issue was addressed and solved by 2007.〔Small police stations similar to the Japanese ''kōban'' are also found in parts of China and Singapore. Additionally, the kōban system has become popular with international police training and assistance programs, particularly those of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA has invested money in establishing ''kōban''-style community policing programs in several countries, including Indonesia, Brazil, and Honduras.〔.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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