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''L'Unità'' (:luniˈta) is an Italian left-wing newspaper, originally founded as official newspaper of the Italian Communist Party, and since then supportive of its subsequent successor parties, the Democratic Party of the Left, Democrats of the Left and from October 2007 until its closure the Democratic Party. The newspaper closed on 31 July 2014. It was restarted on 30 June 2015. ==History and profile== ''L'Unità'' was founded by Antonio Gramsci on 12 February 1924〔 as the "newspaper of workers and peasants", the official newspaper of Italian Communist Party (PCI). The paper was printed in Milan with a circulation of 20,000 to 30,000. On 8 November 1925, publications were blocked by the Prefect of the city together with Italian Socialist Party's ''Avanti!''. After an assassination attempt on Benito Mussolini (31 October 1926) its publication was completely suppressed. A clandestine edition was resumed on the first day of 1927 with irregular circulation in Milan, Turin, Rome, and in France. Publication was officially resumed after the Allied conquest of Rome on 6 June 1944, the new editor-in-chief being Celeste Negarville. After the liberation from the German occupation, in 1945, new local editions were started in Milan, Genoa and Turin, the latter edited by philosopher Ludovico Geymonat. Elio Vittorini became the editor-in-chief of ''L'Unità'' during this period. The newspaper's contributors included Davide Layolo, Luigi Cavallo, Ada Gobetti Cesare Pavese, Italo Calvino, Alfonso Gatto, Aldo Tortorella and Paolo Spriano. In the same year the Festa de ''l'Unità'' was launched in most Italian cities. In 1957 the Genoese, Milanese and Torinese editions were merged into a single edition for northern Italy. The newspaper's editorships were unified in 1962, under Mario Alicata, who was succeeded by Maurizio Ferrara in 1966. In 1974 daily circulation of ''l'Unità'' amounted to 239,000 copies, but this number dropped considerably starting from early 1980s, mostly from the competition with the new, left-oriented, ''La Repubblica'': the 100 million copies sold in 1981 decreased to 60 million, in 1982. In the subsequent year a document published by the newspaper, which accused the Christian Democratic minister Vincenzo Scotti of being a collaborator of the Camorra leader Raffaele Cutolo, which proved to be a false. The editor-in-chief Claudio Petruccioli resigned and was replaced by Emanuele Macaluso. Massimo D'Alema, the future Prime Minister of Italy, was managing-director until July 1990. From 1989 to 1990 the newspaper was accompanied by a satirical weekly magazine, ''Cuore'', directed by Michele Serra. In 1991 the title changed from ''Journal of the Italian Communist Party'' to ''Journal founded by Antonio Gramsci''. From 1992 to 1996 director was Walter Veltroni, who started periodically accompanying the newspaper with free gifts such as books and videocassettes. The newspaper ceased publication for 8 months from 28 July 2000 to 28 March 2001 because of financial troubles. Since then it was published by Baldini & Castoldi, a company not officially linked to the Democrats of the Left or Democratic Party. Its political position, however, continued to be strongly tied to the Democratic Party.〔 On May 2008 Tiscali founder and Sardinia President Renato Soru finalized a deal to become the new newspaper owner. One of the first moves made by the new property was the appointment of former ''La Repubblica'' journalist Concita De Gregorio as new editor-in-chief in August 2008, replacing Antonio Padellaro in the post. On 7 May 2012 the paper began to be published in Berliner format.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.behance.net/gallery/15445069/Redesign-newspaper-Lunita-Italy )〕 ''l'Unita'' again suspended publication on 31 July 2014.〔〔(Hanno ucciso l'Unità ), ''l'Unità'', 30 July 2014〕 A meeting of shareholders was unable to decide how to keep the newspaper financially viable; debts amounted to €30 million.〔Lizzy Davies ("Italian newspaper stops publication as shareholders fail to agree rescue deal" ), ''The Guardian'', 30 July 2014〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「L'Unità」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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