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LW11 is a para-Alpine and para-Nordic sit skiing ''sport class'', a classification defined by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC for people with paralysis in the lower extremities and people with cerebral palsy that affects the lower half of the body. Outside of skiing, the competitor in this class is unable to walk. For international competitions, classification is done through IPC Alpine Skiing or IPC Nordic Skiing. For sub-international competitions, classification is done by a national federation such as Alpine Canada. In para-Alpine skiing, the skier uses a mono-ski, while para-Nordic skiers use a two ski sit-ski. Skiers in this class use outriggers, and are required to wear special helmets for some para-Alpine disciplines. In learning to ski, one of the first skills learned is getting into and out of the ski, and how to position the body in the ski in order to maintain balance. The skier then learns how to fall and to get up. A factoring system is used in the sport to allow different classes to compete against each other when there are too few individual competitors in one class in a competition. The factoring for LW11 alpine skiing classification during the 2011/2012 skiing season was 0.785 for Slalom, 0.8508 for Giant Slalom, 0.8324 for Super-G and 0.8333 for downhill. The percentage for the 2012/2013 para-Nordic season was 94% and for LWXI.5 was 98%. This classification has been able to compete at different skiing competitions including the Paralympics, IPC Alpine World Championships and the IPC Nordic Skiing World Championships. Skiers in this class include Austrian Robert Frohle. ==Definition== This is a para-Alpine and para-Nordic sit-skiing classification,〔 where LW stands for Locomotor Winter.〔〔 This classification is for people with paralysis in the lower extremities and includes people with cerebral palsy that affects the lower half of the body.〔 Outside of skiing, the competitor in this class is unable to walk, the skier "may have loss of buttock sensibility S1-25"〔 or have thoracic spinal cord injury.〔 For the 1998 Winter Paralympics, the classification was described as "Disability of lower limbs with a fair sitting balance-paraplegia and standing classes with impairment in the lower limbs together with functional impairment of trunk/hip."〔 ''Adapted Physical Education and Sport'' described this class as "Athletes with disabilities in the lower limbs and fair sitting balance (e.g., para classes lower 3 and 4), standing I. classes with impairment of the lower limbs together with significant functional impairment of the trunk and hips, any function in the lower limbs may not be used outside of the equipment at any time during the race; point score 9 to 15 points."〔 This classification is comparable to para classes lower 3 and 4.〔 To generally be eligible for a sit-skiing classification, a skier needs to meet a minimum of one of several conditions including a single below knee but above ankle amputation, monoplegia that exhibits similar to below knee amputation, legs of different length where there is at least a difference, combined muscle strength in the lower extremities less than 71.〔 The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) defines this para-Alpine classification as "a. Athletes with disabilities in the lower limbs and a fair sitting balance b. CP with disabilities in lower extremities"〔 In 2002, the Australian Paralympic Committee defined this classification for para-Alpine as a sit skiing classification for "athletes with disabilities in their lower limbs and fair sitting balance."〔 The IPC defines this class for para-Nordic skiing as for "those with impairments in the lower limbs and trunk. The athlete retains the use of abdominal muscles and trunk extensor muscles, especially those muscle attaching to the pelvis."〔 Cross Country Canada described this para-Nordic classification as "Impairment in the lower limbs and trunk with fair upper abdominal and trunk muscle activity with some functional sitting balance. Athlete is unable to stand."〔 For international para-Alpine skiing competitions, classification is done through IPC Alpine Skiing. A national federation such as Alpine Canada handles classification for domestic competitions.〔 For para-Nordic skiing events, classification is handled by IPC Nordic Skiing Technical Committee on the international level and by the national sports federation such as Cross-Country Canada on a country by country level.〔 When being assessed into this classification, a number of things are considered including reviewing the skiers medical history and medical information on the skier's disability, having a physical and an in person assessment of the skier training or competing.〔 During the assessment process, a testing board is used for this classification with six different tests being conducted that look for balance on different planes and to test for upper body strength and levels of mobility. The guideline scores for people to be assessed in this classification are 9 - 15.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「LW11」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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