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LW12 is a para-Alpine and para-Nordic sit skiing ''sport class'' defined by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). An LW12 skier needs to meet a minimum of one of several conditions including a single below knee but above ankle amputation, monoplegia that exhibits similar to below knee amputation, legs of different length where there is at least a 7 centimetres difference, combined muscle strength in the lower extremities less than 71. For international competitions, classification is done through IPC Alpine Skiing or IPC Nordic Skiing. For sub-international competitions, classification is done by a national federation such as Alpine Canada. For para-Alpine, this class is subdivided into two subclasses.: LW12.1 and LW12.2. A new sit-skier competitor with only national classification will compete as LW12.2 in international competitions until they have been internationally classified. In para-Alpine skiing, the skier uses a mono-ski, while para-Nordic skiers use a two ski sit-ski. Skiers in this class use outriggers, and are required to wear special helmets for some para-Alpine disciplines. In learning to ski, one of the first skills learned is getting into and out of the ski, and how to position the body in the ski in order to maintain balance. The skier then learns how to fall and to get up. A factoring system is used in the sport to allow different classes to compete against each other when there are too few individual competitors in one class in a competition. The alpine skiing factoring during the 2011/2012 skiing season for LW12.1 was 0.8031 for Slalom, 0.8608 for Giant Slalom, 0.8489 for Super-G and 0.851 for downhill, and for LW12.2 was 0.8279 for slalom, 0.8708 for giant slalom, 0.8587 for Super-G and 0.8605 for downhill. The percentage for the 2012/2013 para-Nordic ski season was 100%. This classification has been able to compete at different skiing competitions including the Paralympics, IPC Alpine World Championships and the IPC Nordic Skiing World Championships. Competitors in this class include Australians Michael Norton and David Munk, and American Russell Docker. ==Definition== This is a para-Alpine and para-Nordic sit-skiing classification,〔 where LW stands for Locomotor Winter.〔〔 To generally be eligible for a sit-skiing classification, a skier needs to meet a minimum of one of several conditions including a single below knee but above ankle amputation, monoplegia that exhibits similar to below knee amputation, legs of different length where there is at least a difference, combined muscle strength in the lower extremities less than 71.〔 Skiers in this class "may have Grade 3-5 hip flexion and extension (unilateral or bilateral)".〔 This classification is comparable to para classes 5 and 6.〔 When not skiing, the competitor may be able to walk with or without the use of assisitive devices.〔 This class is the equivalent of LW4, but skiers must chose to compete in LW4 or LW12: they cannot compete in both classifications during the same skiing season.〔 For para-Alpine skiing, the Australian Paralympic Committee defined this classification as a sit skiing classification for "athletes with spinal injury or some other disability affecting the function in their lower limbs but they have good sitting balance."〔 This classification is often subdivided into two separate categories for para-Alpine skiing.〔 In July 1997, at the World Cup Technical Meeting for para-Alpine skiing, this classes was subdivided into two classes in order to improve factoring for the range of disabilities found within the class at the time.〔 The IPC defines this class for para-Nordic skiing as for "those with impairments in the lower limb(s) with normal trunk function."〔 For the 1998 Winter Paralympics, the classification was defined for para-Nordic skiing as "Disability of the lower limbs and good sitting balance-Paraplegia and Standing classes with LW 1, 2, 3 and 4."〔 Cross Country Canada defined this para-Nordic classification as "Impairments in the lower limb(s) with normal trunk function."〔 For international para-Alpine skiing competitions, classification is done through International Paralympic Committee Alpine Skiing. A national federation such as Alpine Canada handles classification for domestic competitions.〔 For para-Nordic skiing events, classification is handled by IPC Nordic Skiing Technical Committee on the international level and by the national sports federation such as Cross-Country Canada on a country by country level.〔〔 When being assessed into this classification, a number of things are considered including reviewing the skiers medical history and medical information on the skier's disability, having a physical and an in person assessment of the skier training or competing.〔 During the assessment process, a testing board is used for this classification with six different tests being conducted that look for balance on different planes and to test for upper body strength and levels of mobility. The guideline scores for people to be assessed in this classification are 16 - 18.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「LW12」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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