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Lacandonia
''Lacandonia'' is a mycoheterotrophic plant that contains no chlorophyll and has the unusual characteristic of inverted positions of the male (androecium) and female (gynoecium) floral parts, something that had not been seen in any other plants with the occasional exception of some individuals of the related '〔Esteban Martinez and Clara Hilda Ramos (Lacandoniaceae (Triuridales): Una Nueva Familia de Mexico ). Ann. of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 76, No. 1 (1989), pp. 128-135〕''Lacandonia schismatica''.
==Description==
''Lacandonia '' is a small parasitic plant that lacks chlorophyll and has a rhizomatous, mycotrophic habit. This genus exhibits racemous inflorescences and bract-like leaves. The flowers are actinomorphic and are considered "inverted" from the typical flower arrangement–usually 3 (but sometimes two to four) stamens are in the center of the flower surrounded by 60 to 80 pistils. This characteristic where the position of the androecium and the gynoecium are inverted is unique in the known and described taxa of flowering plants.〔Vázquez-Santana, S., Engleman, E. M., Martínez-Mena, A., and Márquez-Guzmán, J. (1998). (Ovule and seed development of ''Lacandonia schismatica'' (Lacandoniaceae) ). ''American Journal of Botany'', 85(3): 299-304.〕〔Márquez-Guzmán, J., Vázquez-Santana, S., Engleman, E. M., Martínez-Mena, A., and Martínez, E. (1993). Pollen development and fertilization in ''Lacandonia schismatica'' (Lacandoniaceae). ''Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden'', 80(4): 891-897.〕〔Davidse, G. and Martínez, E. (1990). The chromosome number of ''Lacandonia schismatica'' (Lacandoniaceae). ''Systematic Botany'', 15(4): 635-637.〕
Flowers of ''Lacandonia '' are bisexual and self-pollinate and fertilize before the flower opens (preanthesis cleistogamy). They are true flowers as opposed to pseudanthia as had been suggested earlier in the literature.〔Barbara A. Ambrose, Silvia Espinosa-Matías, Sonia Vázquez-Santana, Francisco Vergara-Silva, Esteban Martínez, Judith Márquez-Guzmán and Elena R. Alvarez-Buylla. (2006). (Comparative developmental series of the Mexican triurids support a euanthial interpretation for the unusual reproductive axes of ''Lacandonia schismatica'' (Triuridaceae) ). ''American Journal of Botany'', 93(1): 15-35.〕 The three-celled pollen grains germinate within the anthers and the pollen tube grows through the receptacle to reach the ovaries. ''L. schismatica'' can be found flowering year-round when its environment is moist enough, with a particularly active flowering period in November and December.〔 Owing to the prenathesis cleistogamy, a form of autogamy (self-pollination), the known population of ''L. schismatica'' lacks genetic variability and has a high instance of homozygosity.〔Coello, G., Escalante, A., and Soberon, J. (1993). Lack of genetic variation in ''Lacandonia schismatica'' in its only known locality. ''Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden'', 80(4): 898-901.〕 The haploid chromosome number of this species is n = 9.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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