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''Lactuca'', commonly known as lettuce, is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. The genus includes at least 50 species, distributed worldwide, but mainly in temperate Eurasia. Its best-known representative is the garden lettuce (''Lactuca sativa''), with its many varieties. "Wild lettuce" commonly refers to the wild-growing relatives of common garden lettuce. Many species are common weeds. ''Lactuca'' species are diverse and take a wide variety of forms. They are annuals, biennials, perennials, or shrubs.〔Lebeda, A., et al. (2004). (Geographical distribution of wild ''Lactuca'' species (Asteraceae, Lactuceae). ) ''The Botanical Review'' 70(3) 328-56.〕 Their flower heads have yellow, blue, or white ray florets. Some species are bitter-tasting. Most wild lettuces are xerophytes, adapted to dry habitat types. Some occur in more moist areas, such as the mountains of central Africa.〔 ==Diversity== There are different concepts of the species ''Lactuca''. It is not clear how many distinct species are known, and estimates vary from 50〔(''Lactuca''. ) Flora of China.〕 to 75,〔(''Lactuca''. ) Flora of North America.〕 so far. Species include:〔〔〔(GRIN Species Records of ''Lactuca''. ) Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).〕〔(''Lactuca''. ) The Plant List. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and Missouri Botanical Garden.〕 *''Lactuca acanthifolia'' (Crete, Turkey) *''Lactuca aculeata'' (Asia Minor) *''Lactuca acuminata'' *''Lactuca adenophora'' *''Lactuca alpestris'' (Crete) *''Lactuca alpina'' (syn. ''Cicerbita alpina'')〔(''Cicerbita alpina''. ) Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).〕 (Europe) - alpine blue sow thistle, tall blue lettuce *''Lactuca altaica'' (Eurasia) *''Lactuca attenuata''〔(''Lactuca attenuata''. ) ''Flora Zambesiaca''. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.〕 (Africa) *''Lactuca aurea'' (Europe) *''Lactuca azerbaijanica'' (Iran) *''Lactuca biennis'' (North America) – tall blue lettuce, blue wood lettuce *''Lactuca calophylla'' (Africa) *''Lactuca canadensis'' (North America) – Canada wild lettuce, tall lettuce *''Lactuca corymbosa'' (Congo) *''Lactuca crambifolia'' (Turkestan) *''Lactuca cyprica'' (Cyprus) - Cyprus lettuce *''Lactuca deltoidea'' *''Lactuca dissecta'' (Asia) *''Lactuca dolichophylla'' (Asia) *''Lactuca dregeana'' (South Africa) – ''melkdissel'', ''slaaidissel'' *''Lactuca dumicola'' *''Lactuca erostrata''〔Bano, R. and M. Qaiser. (2011). (A taxonomic revision of the genus ''Lactuca'' L. (Cichorieae-Asteraceae) from Pakistan and Kashmir. ) ''Pakistan Journal of Botany'' 43(5) 2259–268.〕 (Pakistan) *''Lactuca fenzlii'' *''Lactuca floridana'' (North America) – Florida lettuce, woodland lettuce *''Lactuca georgica'' (Asia) *''Lactuca glaucifolia'' (Asia) *''Lactuca graciliflora'' (Asia) *''Lactuca graminifolia'' (Americas) – grassleaf lettuce *''Lactuca haimanniana'' *''Lactuca henryi'' *''Lactuca hirsuta'' (North America) – downy lettuce, hairy lettuce *''Lactuca hispida'' *''Lactuca homblei''〔(''Lactuca homblei''. ) ''Flora Zambesiaca''. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.〕 (Zaire, Zambia) *''Lactuca imbricata''〔(''Lactuca imbricata''. ) ''Flora Zambesiaca''. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.〕 (Africa) *''Lactuca indica'' (Asia) - Indian lettuce *''Lactuca inermis'' (Africa, Arabian Peninsula) *''Lactuca intricata'' (Albania, Greece, Turkey) *''Lactuca jamaicensis'' (Jamaica) *''Lactuca kanitziana'' *''Lactuca kochiana'' *''Lactuca lasiorhiza''〔(''Lactuca lasiorhiza''. ) ''Flora Zambesiaca''. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.〕 (Africa) *''Lactuca ludoviciana'' (North America) – biannual lettuce *''Lactuca mira'' *''Lactuca muralis'' *''Lactuca mwinilungensis''〔(''Lactuca mwinilungensis''. ) ''Flora Zambesiaca''. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.〕 (Zaire, Zambia) *''Lactuca nana''〔(''Lactuca nana''. ) ''Flora Zambesiaca''. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.〕 (Africa) *''Lactuca orientalis'' (Asia, Egypt) *''Lactuca palmensis''〔Santos Guerra, A. 2011. (''Lactuca palmensis''. ) In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. Downloaded on 07 July 2013.〕 (Canary Islands) *''Lactuca paradoxa'' *''Lactuca parishii'' *''Lactuca perennis'' (Europe) – blue lettuce, mountain lettuce *''Lactuca persica'' *''Lactuca petrensis'' *''Lactuca quercina'' (Eurasia) *''Lactuca racemosa'' *''Lactuca raddeana'' (Asia) *''Lactuca rechingeriana'' *''Lactuca rosularis'' (Iran, Turkmenistan) *''Lactuca saligna'' (Eurasia) – willow lettuce, least lettuce, narrow-leaf lettuce *''Lactuca sativa'' – lettuce, garden lettuce *''Lactuca scarioloides'' (western Asia) *''Lactuca schulzeana'' (Angola, Cameroon, Zaire) *''Lactuca schweinfurthii'' (Africa) *''Lactuca serriola'' (Africa, Asia, Europe) – prickly lettuce, compassplant, scarole, milk thistle *''Lactuca setosa'' (Africa) *''Lactuca sibirica'' (Eurasia) *''Lactuca singularis''〔Draper, D. 2011. (''Lactuca singularis''. ) In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. Downloaded on 07 July 2013.〕 (Spain) *''Lactuca songeensis'' *''Lactuca spinidens'' (Tajikistan, Turkmenistan) *''Lactuca stebbinsii''〔Kilian, N. (2001). (''Lactuca stebbinsii'' (Lactuceae, Compositae), a puzzling new species from Angola. ) ''Willdenowia - Annals of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin - Dahlem'' 31(1) 71–8.〕 (Angola) *''Lactuca takhtadzhianii'' (Armenia) *''Lactuca tatarica'' (Northern Hemisphere) – blue lettuce *''Lactuca tenerrima'' (southern Europe, Morocco) *''Lactuca tetrantha''〔Kyratzis, A., et al. 2011. (''Lactuca tetrantha''. ) In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. Downloaded on 07 July 2013.〕 (Cyprus) *''Lactuca tinctociliata'' *''Lactuca triangulata'' (Asia) *''Lactuca triquetra'' *''Lactuca tuberosa'' (Eurasia) *''Lactuca ugandensis'' *''Lactuca undulata'' (Asia) *''Lactuca viminea'' (Africa, Asia, Europe) – pliant lettuce *''Lactuca virosa'' (Europe, northern Africa) – bitter lettuce, great lettuce *''Lactuca watsoniana''〔Schaefer, H. 2011. (''Lactuca watsoniana''. ) In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. Downloaded on 07 July 2013.〕 (Azores) *''Lactuca winkleri'' (Tajikistan) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lactuca」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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