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Laemophloeidae
Laemophloeidae, "lined flat bark beetles," is a family in the superfamily Cucujoidea characterized by predominantly dorso-ventrally compressed bodies, head and pronotal discs bordered by ridges or grooves, and inverted male genitalia.〔Thomas, M.C. 2002. Family 83. Laemophloeidae Ganglbauer 1899. Pp. 331-334 In: Arnett, R. H., Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley, and J. H. Frank (editors). 2002. ''American Beetles. Vol. 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea.'' CRC Press, Boca Raton. xiv + 861pp.〕〔Thomas, M. C., and R.A.B. Leschen. 2010. Laemophloeidae, Ganglbauer, 1899. p. 376-380. In: Leschen, R.A.B., R.G. Beutel, and J.F. Lawrence. ''Coleoptera, Beetles. Vol. 2: Morphology and Systematics (Elateroidea, Bostrichiformia, Cucujiformia partim).'' Handbook of Zoology. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.〕 Size range of adults is 1-5mm in length. Currently, it contains 40 genera and about 450 species,〔(Laemophloeidae Species List ) at Joel Hallan’s Biology Catalog. Texas A&M University. Retrieved on 15 May 2012.〕 and is represented on all continents except Antarctica; species richness is greatest in the tropics.
Historically, Laemophloeidae was treated as a subfamily of Cucujidae, but starting in the middle of the 20th Century,〔Crowson, R.A. 1955. ''The natural classification of the families of Coleoptera.'' Nathaniel Lloyd, London, 187pp.〕 most of what were treated as subfamilies of the Cucujidae were considered families.
Most laemophloeids, adults and larvae, are found under bark of dead trees, where they apparently are primarily fungivores,〔Lawrence, J.F. 1977. Coleoptera associated with an ''Hypoxylon'' species (Ascomycetes: Xylariaceae) on oak. Coleopterists Bulletin 31:309-312.〕 although some genera with adults having subcylindrical bodies (e.g., ''Leptophloeus'', ''Dysmerus'') occur in the galleries of bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), upon which they may feed.〔Thomas, M.C. 1993. The flat bark beetles of Florida (Laemophloeidae, Passandridae, Silvanidae). Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas 15: i-viii and 1-93.〕 A few genera, but most particularly ''Cryptolestes'', contain some species that are pests of stored grain products. The most important of these are ''C. ferrugineus'' (Stephens), ''C. pusillus'' (Schönherr), and ''C. turcicus'' (Grouvelle).〔Halstead, D.G.H. 1993. Keys for the identification of beetles associated with stored products-II. Laemophloeidae, Passandridae and Silvanidae. Journal of Stored Product Research 29(2): 99-197.〕
Several genera exhibit unusual modifications to male antennae (especially ''Cryptolestes'', ''Dysmerus'', and ''Microbrontes''), with the scape expanded into hook-like or blade-like structures〔
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