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Lagerordnung
The ''Lagerordnung'' was the "Disciplinary and Penal Code", first written for Dachau concentration camp, which became the uniform code at all SS concentration camps in the Third Reich on January 1, 1934. Also known as the ''Strafkatalog'' (Punishment Catalogue), it detailed the regulations for prisoners. SS guards were instructed to report violations of the code to the commandant's office. The Concentration Camps Inspectorate was responsible for execution of the resulting punishment, which was carried out without verification of the allegations or any possibility of vindication (see "Procedures for punishing violations").
==Evolution of a new penal system==
The early, temporary concentration camps, such as Kemna concentration camp, did not have unified, coordinated regulations, but rather drew their ''Lagerordnung'' from regulations then in use at various police departments and prisons run by the justice system.〔*>Concentration camps Neustadt an der Haardt, Moringen, Kislau, Kuhberg, Hainichen, Hammerstein, Fuhlsbüttel had such regulations. The draft of regulations for Moorland concentration camp and the edict from the ''Landeskriminalamts'' ("State Criminal Office") in Dresden for Sachsenburg concentration camp are also examples. Source: Zámečník, ''Das war Dachau'', p.35〕 Differences were nonetheless minor. Some banned smoking, others allowed prisoners to receive food parcels or visits from family members. The regulations were still based on existing law and the camps were patterned after ordinary detention centers. The early camps had penalties such as denial of privileges, or for more severe cases, solitary confinement, a hard bed, denial of food or solitary confinement in a darkened cell, but there is no corporal punishment.〔*>The only exception to this was the draft, not yet instituted, from Lutze, Oberpräsident of Hannover. This draft contained clauses where beating with a stick was allowed, "up to 10 blows on the buttocks". This document is dated January 1934, just after Eicke's ''Lagerordnung''. Source: Zámečník, ''Das war Dachau'', pp. 35-36〕 The early camps were primarily controlled by the SA or the ''Gestapo''.
Dachau, in contrast, was under the control of the SS. Sometime in May 1933, SS camp commandant Hilmar Wäckerle wrote the first ''Lagerordnung'' for a concentration camp. It gave full jurisdiction to the office of camp commandant, making him the sole legal authority. To impose capital punishment at Dachau, with the ''Lagerordnung'' it would be sufficient to have a judgment from two SS men — appointed by the commandant. A defense of the accused would no longer be recorded. The executive, judicial and legislative were unified; the separation of powers and system of opposing checks and balances abolished. Through the ever-present threat of the death penalty, Dachau would create a constant state of emergency for the inmate.
In none of the other, earlier concentration camps were there as many political murders as in Dachau's first few months. The first legalized murders took place at Dachau.〔Stanislav Zámečník, ''Das war Dachau'', Comité International de Dachau Luxemburg (2002) pp. 35-43 〕 The first murders, committed under Wäckerle, led to an investigation when Sophie Handschuh, the mother of one of the dead prisoners, filed a formal complaint to find out what had really happened to her son. The resulting prosecution forced Himmler to replace Wäckerle.〔Ernst Klee, ''Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich'', Frankfurt am Main (2007) p. 648 〕〔Letter of June 2, 1933, Munich District Court Prosecutor II to the State Ministry of Justice: Subject: "Death of protective custody prisoners at Dachau concentration camp." 〕 In his stead, Himmler installed Theodor Eicke, a fanatical ''SS-Oberführer'' whose extreme violence had, only shortly before, in March 1933, caused him to be committed for evaluation at a psychiatric clinic at the University of Würzburg. Himmler arranged for Eicke to be released, asking his doctor, Werner Heyde to talk to Eicke and get him to promise to control himself.〔Letter from Himmler to Heyde, June 2, 1933, cited by Johannes Tuchel, "Konzentrationslager. Organisationsgeschichte und Funktion der „Inspektion der Konzentrationslager“ 1934-1938", page 138, ''Schriften des Bundesarchivs'', Vol. 39. Harald Boldt Verlag, Boppard am Rhein (1991) ISBN 3-7646-1902-3 〕
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