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A lagniappe ( ) is a small gift given to a customer by a merchant at the time of a purchase (such as a 13th doughnut when buying a dozen), or more broadly, "something given or obtained gratuitously or by way of good measure."〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Merriam-Webster )〕 The word entered English from the Louisiana French adapting a Quechua word brought in to New Orleans by the Spanish Creoles. It derived from the South American Spanish phrase ''la yapa'' or ''ñapa'' (referring to a free extra item, usually a very cheap one). ''La'' is the definite article in Spanish as well as in French (''la ñapa'' or ''la gniappe'' = the ñapa/gniappe). The term has been traced back to the Quechua word ''yapay'' ('to increase; to add'). In Andean markets it is still customary to ask for a ''yapa'' (translates as "a little extra") when making a purchase. The seller usually responds by throwing in a little extra. Although this is an old custom, it is still widely practiced in Louisiana. Street vendors, especially vegetable vendors, are expected to throw in a few green chili peppers or a small bunch of cilantro with a purchase. The word is chiefly used in the Gulf Coast region of the United States, but the concept is practiced in many places, such as the Spanish-speaking world, Southeast Asia, North Africa, rural France, Australia, and Holland. == Etymology == After the Spanish conquered the Inca Empire certain Quechua words entered the Spanish language. The Spanish Empire for a time also included Louisiana, so there was a Spanish presence in New Orleans. In his book ''Creoles of Louisiana'', George Washington Cable comments on the effects of the Spanish presence on Louisiana Creole French: The Spanish occupation never became more than a conquest. The Spanish tongue, enforced in the courts and principal public offices, never superseded the French in the mouths of the people, and left but a few words naturalized in the corrupt French of the slaves. The terrors of the calabozo, with its chains and whips and branding irons, were condensed into the French tri-syllabic calaboose; while the pleasant institution of ñapa -- the petty gratuity added, by the retailer, to anything bought -- grew the () pleasanter, drawn out into () Gallicized lagniappe (added ). Though the word is included in English dictionaries it is used primarily in the region influenced by New Orleans〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Bartleby )〕 (and therefore Louisiana French) culture and so may be thought of as being more Cajun French or Louisiana Creole French than English. This is especially so since the spelling has been influenced by French.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Bartleby )〕 Mark Twain writes about the word in a chapter on New Orleans in ''Life on the Mississippi'' (1883). He called it "a word worth traveling to New Orleans to get:" We picked up one excellent word — a word worth travelling to New Orleans to get; a nice limber, expressive, handy word — "lagniappe." They pronounce it ''lanny-yap''. It is Spanish — so they said. We discovered it at the head of a column of odds and ends in the ''Picayune'', the first day; heard twenty people use it the second; inquired what it meant the third; adopted it and got facility in swinging it the fourth. It has a restricted meaning, but I think the people spread it out a little when they choose. It is the equivalent of the thirteenth roll in a "baker's dozen." It is something thrown in, ''gratis'', for good measure. The custom originated in the Spanish quarter of the city. When a child or a servant buys something in a shop — or even the mayor or the governor, for aught I know — he finishes the operation by saying — "Give me something for lagniappe." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lagniappe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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