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Laie is a census-designated place (CDP) located in the Koolauloa District on the island of Oahu in Honolulu County, Hawaii, United States. In Hawaiian, ''lāie'' means "''ie'' leaf" (''ieie'' is a climbing screwpine: ''Freycinetia arborea''). The population was 6,138 at the 2010 census. ==History== Historically, Laie was a ''puuhonua'', a sanctuary for fugitives. While a fugitive was in the ''pu'uhonua'', it was unlawful for that fugitive's pursuers to harm him or her. During wartime, spears with white flags attached were set up at each end of the city of refuge. If warriors attempted to pursue fugitives into the ''puuhonua'', they would be killed by sanctuary priests. Fugitives seeking sanctuary in a city of refuge were not forced to permanently live within the confines of its walls. Instead, they were given two choices. In some cases, after a certain length of time (ranging from a couple of weeks to several years), fugitives could enter the service of the priests and assist in the daily affairs of the ''puuhonua''. A second option was that after a certain length of time the fugitives would be free to leave and re-enter the world unmolested. Traditional cities of refuge were abolished in 1819.〔Mulholland, John F. ''Hawaii's Religions''. Rutland: Tuttle, 1970, p. 121〕 The history of Laie begins long before first contact. The name Laie is said to derive from two Hawaiian words: ''lau'' meaning "leaf", and ''ie'' referring to the ''ieie'' (red-spiked climbing screwpine, ''Freycinetia arborea''), which wreaths forest trees of the uplands or ''mauka'' regions of the mountains of the Koʻolau Range behind the community of Laie. In Hawaiian mythology, this red-spiked climbing screwpine is sacred to Kane, god of the earth, god of life, and god of the forests, as well as to Laka, the patron goddess of the hula. The name Laie becomes more environmentally significant through the Hawaiian oral history (''kaao '') entitled ''Laieikawai''. In this history, the term ''ikawai'', which means "in the water", also belongs to the food-producing tree called ''kalalaikawa''. The kalalaikawa tree was planted in a place called Paliula's garden, which is closely associated with the spiritual home, after her birth and relocation of Laieikawai. According to Hawaiian oral traditions, the planting of the kalalaikawa tree in the garden of Paliula is symbolic of the reproductive energy of male and female, which union in turns fills the land with offspring. From its close association with nature through its name, and through its oral traditions and history, the community of Laie takes upon itself a precise identification and a responsibility in perpetuating life and in preserving all life forms. Sometimes the land itself provided sanctuary for the Hawaiian people. Laie was such a place. The earliest information about Laie states that it was a small, sparsely populated village with a major distinction: "it was a city of refuge". Within this city of refuge were located at least two ''heiau'', traditional Hawaiian temples, of which very little remains today. ''Moohekili'' heiau was destroyed, but its remains can be found in taro patches ''makai'' (seaward) of the LDS Church's Laie Hawaii Temple. Towards the mountain (''mauka''), the remains of ''Nioi'' heiau can be found on a small ridge. All that is left of ''Nioi'' is a coral platform.〔Sterling & Summers 1978, p. 158〕 Between 1846 and 1848, the traditional Hawaiian feudal ownership of land by the king, the ''ali'i nui'', and his leading chiefs or ''konohiki'' was changed through the Great Mahele, or major land division. The ''Ali'i nui'' at the time was Kauikeouli King Kamehameha III, and his ''konohiki'' (leading chief) for Laie was Peni Keali’iwaiwaiole (which means "The Chief without Riches"); the wife to this ''konohiki'' descended directly from the ''Ali'i nui'' of Oahu named Kakuiewa, making his wife of higher rank than he. The result of the mahele was not in compliance with the original intent of Kamehameha III. The result was that the chiefs received about , the king kept about , which were called crown lands, and about were set aside as government lands. The land of the mahele itself was cut up into parcels, much like the traditional Hawaiian land divisions, centering on the ''ahupua'a'', which followed a fairly uniform pattern. Each parcel was shaped roughly like a piece of pie with the tip in the mountains, the middle section in the foothills and coastal plain, and the broad base along the ocean front and the sea. The size and shape of the ahupua'a varied. However, the purpose of these remained the same. The village of Laie is located in the ahupua'a of Laie. As such, Laie followed the general pattern of life in the ahupua'a, but only the valleys in the foothills had ample water. There were ten streams that flowed through the ahupua'a of Laie before 1865 (see 1865 map). Their names were Kahooleinapea, Kaluakauila, Kahawainui, Kaihihi, Kawaipapa, Kawauwai, Wailele, Koloa, Akakii, and Kokololio. There were more streams flowing through the ahupua'a of Laie than through any of the other surrounding ahupua'a, including Kaipapau and Hauula to the southeast and Malaekahana, Keana, and Kahuku to the northwest. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Laie, Hawaii」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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