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Lambaesis (Lambæsis), Lambaisis, or Lambaesa (''Lambèse'' in colonial French), is a Roman ruin in Algeria, southeast of Batna and west of Timgad, located next to the modern village of Tazoult.〔René Cagnat. ''Lambèse.'' Lerous, Paris 1893 ((Original in French ))〕 The former bishopric is also a Latin Catholic titular bishopric. == History == Lambaesa was founded by the Roman military. The camp of the third legion (Legio III ''Augusta''), to which it owes its origin, appears to have been established between 123 and 129 AD, in the time of Roman emperor Hadrian, whose address to his soldiers was found inscribed on a pillar in a second camp to the west of the great camp still extant. However, other evidence suggests it was formed during the Punic Wars. By 166 AD mention is made of the decurions of a ''vicus'', 10 ''curiae'' of which are known by name; and the ''vicus'' became a ''municipium'' probably at the time when it was made the capital of the newly founded province of Numidia. Lambaesis was populated mainly by Romanized Berbers and by some Roman colonists with their descendants: Latin was the official and commonly-used language (even if local Berbers spoke their own language mixed with Latinisms). The legion was removed by Gordian I, but restored by Valerian and Gallienus; and its final departure did not take place till after 392 AD (the town soon afterwards declined). Indeed under Septimius Severus (193 AD), Numidia was separated from Africa Vetus, and governed by an imperial procurator. Under the new organization of the empire by Diocletian, Numidia was divided in two provinces: the north became ''Numidia Cirtensis'', with capital at Cirta, while the south, which included the Aurès Mountains and was threatened by raids, became ''Numidia Militiana'', "Military Numidia", with capital at the legionary base of Lambaesis. Subsequently however, Emperor Constantine the Great reunited the two provinces in a single one, administered from Cirta, which was now renamed ''Constantina'' (modern Constantine, Algeria) in his honour. Its governor was raised to the rank of ''consularis'' in 320 AD, and the province remained one of the seven provinces of the diocese of Africa until the invasion of the Vandals in 428 AD, which began its slow decay, accompanied by desertification. The province remained under Vandal rule, but was effectively limited to the coastal areas by Berber raids.It was restored to Roman rule after the Vandalic War, when it became part of the new praetorian prefecture of Africa. The Byzantines occupied Lambaesis and vicinity from the sixth century but around 683 AD the Arabs conquered the area, naming what remained of the city Bar-el-Molouk in the 10th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lambaesis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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