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Lamdre
Lamdré〔Davidson R. lamdré(2005). ''Tibetan Renaissance'', 53〕 is a meditative system in Tibetan Buddhism rooted in the view that the result of its practice is contained within the path. The name "lamdré" means the “path" () with its fruit ).〔Powers, J. (1995). ''Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism'', 525〕 In Tibet, the lamdré teachings are considered the ''summum bonum'' of the Sakya school. == History of lamdré ==
According to traditional accounts, the lamdré teachings were originally bestowed upon Virūpa, an Indian monk, by the tantric deity Nairātmyā. By practicing the instructions given to him, Virūpa is said to have realized enlightenment.〔Stearns, C. (2001). ''Luminous Lives'', 9〕 Hagiographical accounts of Virūpa’s exploits record outrageous events, including binge drinking, seducing women, and destroying non-Buddhist (Skt. ''tīrtika'') religious sites. Davidson suggests that this depiction shows the laxity of Buddhist morals during the Indian medieval period,〔Davidson R. (2002). ''Indian Esoteric Buddhism'', 258〕 but Wedemeyer suggests that the behavior shown in esoteric Buddhist hagiographies is intentionally scandalous, forming a social commentary on broader issues being discussed in the Indian religious milieu.〔Wedemeyer C. (2007). "Beef, Dog, and Other Mythologies", ''Journal of the American Academy of Religion'', vol. 75, no. 2〕 During his adventures in India, Virūpa converted the Hindu yogin Kāṇha (also called Kṛṣṇa, )〔Stearns, C. (2001). ''Luminous Lives'', 291〕 and wrote the ''Vajra Verses'' as a guide to Kāṇha’s meditations. The teachings were passed from mentor to student in India until they reached the sage Gayādhara.
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