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Laghman (Pashto/Persian: لغمان) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the eastern part of the country. It has a population of about 445,600,〔 which is multi-ethnic and mostly a rural society. The city of Mihtarlam serves as the capital of the province. In some historical texts the name is written as "Lamghan" or as "Lamghanat". ==History== Located currently at the Kabul Museum are Aramaic inscriptions that were found in Laghman which indicated an ancient trade route from India to Palmyra.〔(Cultural policy in Afghanistan; Studies and documents on cultural policies; 1975 )〕 Aramaic was the bureaucratic script language of the Achaemenids whose influence had extended toward Laghman.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=AŚOKA )〕 During the invasions of Alexander the Great, the area was known as Lampaka.〔(The Aramaic Inscription of Asoka Found in Lampāka )〕 Inscriptions in Aramaic dating from the Mauryan Dynasty were found in Laghman which discussed the conversion of Ashoka to Buddhism. In the seventh century, the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang visited Laghman, which he called "Lan-p'o" and considered part of India. He indicated the presence of Mahayana Buddhists and numerous Hindus: By the tenth century, Laghman was still connected to the Greater Indian world. Hudud al-'alam which was finished in 982 AD mentioned the presence of some idol worshipping temples in the area. According to Muslim historian al-Utbi, the region was converted to Islam towards the end of the tenth century by the Ghaznavids, led by Abu Mansur Sabuktigin: Sabuktigin then won one of his greatest battles in Laghman against the Hindu Shahis whose ruler, Jayapala, had amassed an army for the battle that numbered 100,000.〔''The History of India: The Hindu and Mahometan Periods'', Mountstuart Elphinstone, p. 321.〕 The area later fell to the Ghurids followed by the Khilis and Timurids. During the early years of the 16th century, the Mughal ruler Babur spent much time in Laghman, and in ''Baburnama'' (memoirs of Babur) he expatiated on the beauty of forested hillsides and the fertility of the valley bottoms of the region.〔 Laghman was recognized as a dependent district of Kabulistan in the Mughal era,〔The Garden of Eight Paradises: Babur and the Culture of Central Asia, Afghanistan〕 and according to Baburnama, "Greater Lamghanat" included the Muslim-settled part of the Kafiristan, including the easterly one of Kunar River. Laghman was the base for expeditions against the non-believers and was frequently mentioned in accounts of jihads led by Mughal emperor Akbar's younger brother, Mohammad Hakim, who was the governor of Kabul.〔 In 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani defeated the Mughals and made the territory part of the Durrani Empire. In the late nineteenth century, Amir Abdur Rahman Khan forced the remaining kafirs (Nuristani people) to accept Islam. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Laghman Province」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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