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Langalibalele (isiHlubi: The sun is boiling hot), also known as Mtetwa, (c1814 – 1889) was king of the amaHlubi, a Bantu tribe in what is the modern-day province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. He was born on the eve of the arrival of European settlers in the province. After conflict with the Zulu king Mpande, he fled with his people to the Colony of Natal in 1848. During the diamond rush of the 1870s, many of his young men worked on the mines in Kimberley where they acquired guns. In 1873 the colonial authorities of Natal demanded that the guns be registered, Langalibalele refused and a stand-off ensued, resulting in a violent skirmish in which European troopers were killed. Langalibalele fled across the mountains into Basutoland, but was captured, tried and banished to Robben Island. He eventually returned to his home, but remained under house arrest. His imprisonment split the colonial population of Natal and was a watershed in South African political history. == Context == The Bushmen, a hunter-gatherer people were the original inhabitants of the modern-day province of KwaZulu-Natal.〔If the name of a locality in this article had a legal connotation (for example a clearly demarcated border), the nineteenth century name is used, otherwise the post-Apartheid name is used.〕〔The prefix "''kwa''" means "The place", thus "''kwaZulu''" means "The place of the Zulu" The prefix "''ama''" means "The people", thus "''amaHlubi''" means "The Hlubi people" The prefix "''isi''" means "The language of", thus "''isiHlubi''" means "The language of the Hlubi people"〕 Historians are divided as to when the Bantu, a pastoral people first migrated into the province from the north, but they had certainly settled there by the end of the seventeenth century and displaced the bushmen who migrated into the foothills of the Drakensberg. The ''amaHlubi'', a Bantu tribe speaking an Nguni dialect had settled in the northern part of the province between the Buffalo and Blood Rivers. During the first decade of the nineteenth century the Mtetwa chief Dingiswayo, a neighbour of the ''amaHlubi'', set about consolidating the various Nguni people under his leadership. In 1817 he was killed in battle and after a civil war, power passed into the hands of one of his lieutenants, Shaka, chief of the Zulu clan. Shaka expanded the Zulu clan into a tribe, by attacking neighbouring clans and assimilating the survivors; his aggression caused the catastrophe of the ''Mfecane''. At the time of Langalibalele's birth, European settlements in Southern Africa were confined to Cape Colony〔(【引用サイトリンク】url = http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/great-trek-1835-1846 )〕 and to Portuguese fortress of Lourenço Marques. In 1824 Fynn established a small British settlement at Port Natal (later to become Durban) but the British Government declined to take possession of the port. From 1834 onwards, the Voortrekkers (Dutch-speaking farmers) started to migrate from the Cape Colony in large numbers and in 1837 crossed the Drakensberg into KwaZulu-Natal where, after the murder of one of their leaders, Piet Retief, in the massacre at Weenen they defeated Shaka's successor Dingane at the Battle of Blood River, put Mpanda on the Zulu throne and established the republic of Natalia. Friction between the Voortrekkers and the Pondo, a tribe whose territory lay between Natalia and the Cape Colony led to the British occupying Port Natal, the subsequent Battle of Congella followed by the siege and relief of the port. After the port had been relieved, the Voortrekkers withdrew from KwaZulu-Natal into the interior and the British established the Colony of Natal. The following decades saw the rise of the British industrial base – emigration was used to control unemployment and thereby boost the British economy. The Colony of Natal was one destination of such emigrants. In 1856 the colony was granted representative government by the British Government〔Bulpin, T.V. – pg 220〕〔In the context of British colonial development in the nineteenth ''Representative Government'' gave the colony had the right to elect a legislative council to advise the governor, but the governor, as chief executive was not bound to accept their advice〕 with responsible government〔In the context of British colonial development in the nineteenth ''Responsible Government'' gave the colony the right to have a parliament elected by the colonists headed by a prime minister and cabinet with executive responsibility, but with the governor still having the power of veto〕 following in 1895.〔Bulpin, T.V. – pg 413〕 The British government appointed a "Diplomatic Agent" who was to act on behalf of the native〔In order to maintain linguistic consistency with the term "native law", this article uses the term nineteenth century term "native people" instead of the twenty-first century term "indigenous people".〕 people who were subject to "native law" rather than "colonial law", "in so far as it was not repugnant to the dictates of humanity". From 1856 until 1877, the post of Diplomatic Agent was held by Sir Theophilus Shepstone, son of a missionary and who had been brought up at the mission station. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Langalibalele」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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