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Languedoc
Languedoc ( ; ; Occitan: ''Lengadòc'' (:ˌleŋɡɔˈðɔ)) is a former province of France, now continued in the modern-day ''régions'' of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées in the south of France, and whose capital city was Toulouse, now in Midi-Pyrénées. It had an area of approximately 27,376 square kilometers (10,570 square miles).
==Geographical extent==
The traditional provinces of the kingdom of France were not formally defined. A province was simply a territory of common traditions and customs, but it had no political organization. Today, when people refer to the old provinces of France, they actually refer to the ''gouvernements'' as they existed in 1789. ''Gouvernements'' were military regions established in the middle of the 16th century and whose territories closely matched those of the traditional provinces. However, in some cases, small provinces had been merged with a large one into a single ''gouvernement'', so ''gouvernements'' are not exactly the same as the traditional provinces.
Historically, the region was called the county of Toulouse, a county independent from the kings of France. The county of Toulouse was made up of what would later be called Languedoc, but it also included the province of Quercy (now ''département'' of Lot and northern half of the ''フランス語:département'' of Tarn-et-Garonne) and the province of Rouergue (now ''フランス語:département'' of Aveyron), both to the northwest of Languedoc. At some times it even included the province of Agenais (now eastern half of the ''フランス語:département'' of Lot-et-Garonne) to the west of Languedoc, the province of Gévaudan (now ''フランス語:département'' of Lozère), the province of Velay (now the central and eastern part of the ''フランス語:département'' of Haute-Loire), the southern part of the province of Vivarais (now the southern part of the ''フランス語:département'' of Ardèche), and even all the northern half of Provence. After the French conquest the entire county was dismantled, the central part of it being now called Languedoc.
The ''gouvernement'' of Languedoc was created in the middle of the 16th century. In addition to Languedoc proper, it also included the three small provinces of Gévaudan, Velay, and Vivarais (in its entirety), these three provinces being to the northeast of Languedoc. Some people also consider that the region around Albi was a traditional province, called Albigeois (now ''フランス語:département'' of Tarn), although it is most often considered as being part of Languedoc proper. The provinces of Quercy and Rouergue, despite their old ties with Toulouse, were not incorporated into the ''gouvernement'' of Languedoc, instead being attached to the ''gouvernement'' of Guienne and its far-away capital Bordeaux. This decision was probably intentional, to avoid reviving the independently spirited county of Toulouse. In the rest of the article, Languedoc refers to the territory of this ''gouvernement'' of Languedoc.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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