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}} |other_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = Prefecture-level city |motto = |image_skyline = Lanzhou Montage.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = View of Lanzhou |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |city_logo = |citylogo_size = |image_map = Location of Lanzhou Prefecture within Gansu (China).png |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Lanzhou City (yellow) in Gansu and the PRC |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = China |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = Location in China |pushpin_mapsize = |coordinates_region = CN-62 |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Gansu |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = County-level divisions |subdivision_name3 = 8 |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = Party Secretary |leader_name = Yu Haiyan |leader_title1 = Mayor |leader_name1 = Yuan Zhanting (袁占亭) |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 13300 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 =1,088 |area_metro_km2 = |population_as_of = 2010 census |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 3,616,163 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_urban =2,177,130 |population_density_urban_km2 =auto |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_blank2_title =Major nationalities |population_blank2= |timezone = China Standard |utc_offset = +8 |latd=36 |latm=02 |latNS=N |longd=103 |longm=48 |longEW=E |coordinates_display = d |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 730000 |area_code = 931 |blank_name = License plate prefixes |blank_info = A |blank1_name = GDP (2008) |blank1_info = CNY 84.6 billion |blank2_name = - per capita |blank2_info = CNY 25,566 |blank3_name = |blank3_info = |blank4_name = |blank4_info = |website = http://www.lz.gansu.gov.cn |footnotes = Rugosa Rose }} Lanzhou (; ) is the capital and largest city of Gansu Province in Northwest China.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/43571.htm )〕 A prefecture-level city, it is a key regional transportation hub, allowing areas further west to maintain railroad connections to the eastern half of the country. Lanzhou is home to 3,616,163 inhabitants at the 2010 census and 2,177,130 in the built-up area (urban) of . ==History== Originally in the territory of the Western Qiang peoples, Lanzhou became part of the territory of the State of Qin in the 6th century BC. In 81 BC, under the Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), it was taken from the Huns' Huandi Chanyu and made the seat of Jincheng commandery (jùn), and later of the Jincheng county (xiàn), later renamed ''Yunwu''. The city used to be called the Golden City, and since at least the first millennium BC it was a major link on the ancient Northern Silk Road,〔(Xian Xiaowei, Zhang Linyuan, Ai Nanshan and Wihelm Wohlke, ''On the relation between the evolution of natural environment and human factors and the development of urban settlement—Take the Lanzhou Valley Basin as an examples'', Springerlink vol.1,no.1 (1991) )〕〔(C.Michael Hogan, ''Silk Road, North China'', the Megalithic Portal, ed. Andy Burnham )〕 and also an important historic Yellow River crossing site. To protect the city, the Great Wall of China was extended as far as Yumen. After the fall of the Han dynasty, Lanzhou became the capital of a succession of tribal states. In the 4th century it was briefly the capital of the independent state of Liang. The Northern Wei dynasty (386–534) reestablished Jincheng commandery, renaming the county Zicheng. Mixed with different cultural heritages, the area at present-day Gansu province, from the 5th to the 11th century, became a center for Buddhist study. Under the Sui Dynasty (581–618) the city became the seat of Lanzhou prefecture for the first time, retaining this name under the Tang dynasty (618–907). In 763 the area was overrun by the Tibetan Empire and in 843 was conquered by the Tang. Later it fell into the hands of the Western Xia dynasty (which flourished in Qinghai from the 11th to 13th century) and was subsequently absorbed by the Song dynasty (960–1126) in 1041. The name Lanzhou was reestablished, and the county renamed Lanzhuan. After 1127 it fell into the hands of the Jin dynasty, and after 1235 it came into the possession of the Mongol Empire. Under the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) the prefecture was demoted to a county and placed under the administration of Lintao superior prefecture, but in 1477 Lanzhou was reestablished as a political unit. The city acquired its current name in 1656, during the Qing dynasty. When Gansu was made a separate province in 1666, Lanzhou became its capital. In 1739 the seat of Lintao was transferred to Lanzhou, which was later made a superior prefecture called Lanzhou. Lanzhou was badly damaged during the Dungan revolt in 1864–1875. In the 1920s and 1930s it became a center of Soviet influence in northwestern China. During the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) Lanzhou, linked with Xi'an by highway in 1935, became the terminus of the Chinese–Soviet highway, used as a route for Soviet supplies destined for the Xi'an area. This highway remained the primary traffic route of northwestern China until the completion of the railway from Lanzhou to Urumqi, Xinjiang. During the war Lanzhou was heavily bombed by the Japanese. During the 1937 Japanese invasion of China, the ''Guominjun'' Muslim Generals Ma Hongkui and Ma Bufang protected Lanzhou with their cavalry troops, putting up such resistance that the Japanese never captured Lanzhou. The city is the seat of a currently vacant Roman Catholic diocese and was previously the center of a vicariate apostolic (Vicariate Apostolic of Northern Kan-Su).〔(Vicariate Apostolic of Northern Kan-Su ) at Catholic Encyclopedia〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lanzhou」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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