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Laozi (also Lao-Tzu or Lao-Tze) was a philosopher and poet of ancient China. He is known as the reputed author of the ''Tao Te Ching''〔 and the founder of philosophical Taoism, and as a deity in religious Taoism and traditional Chinese religions. Although a legendary figure, he is usually dated to around the 6th century BCE and reckoned a contemporary of Confucius, but some historians contend that he actually lived during the Warring States period of the 5th or 4th century BCE. A central figure in Chinese culture, Laozi is claimed by both the emperors of the Tang dynasty and modern people of the Li surname as a founder of their lineage. Throughout history, Laozi's work has been embraced by various anti-authoritarian movements.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Lao-tse )〕 ==Names== In traditional accounts, Laozi's personal name is usually given as ''Li Er'' ,}} Old *''Rəʔ Nəʔ'',〔Baxter, William & al. "(Baxter–Sagart Old Chinese Reconstruction )". 20 Feb 2011. Accessed 17 Jan 2014.〕 Mod. ''Lǐ Ěr'') and his courtesy name as ''Boyang'' ,}} ,}} Old *''Pˤrak-lang'',〔 Mod. ''Bóyáng''). A prominent posthumous name was ''Li Dan'' ,}} ''Lǐ Dān'').〔Bryce Link 〕 Laozi itself is an honorific title: (Old *''rˤuʔ'', "old, venerable"〔) and (Old *''tsə′'', "master"〔). It is usually pronounced 〔("Lao-tzu" ). ''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''.〕〔(Free Dictionary: "Lao Tzu" ). From the ''American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language'', Fourth Edition copyright. Houghton Mifflin Company: 2009.〕 in English. It has been romanized numerous ways, sometimes leading to confusion. The most common present form is ''Laozi'' or ''Lǎozǐ'',〔 based on the Hanyu Pinyin system adopted by Mainland China in 1958〔''Xinhua News Agency''. "(Pinyin celebrates 50th birthday )". 11 Feb 2008. Accessed 20 Sept 2008.〕 and Taiwan in 2009.〔''Taipei Times''. "(Hanyu Pinyin to be standard system in 2009 )". 18 Sept 2008. Accessed 20 Sept 2008.〕 During the 20th century, ''Lao-tzu''〔Also encountered as ''Lao Tzu'' and ''Lao-Tzu''.〕 was more common,〔 based on the formerly prevalent Wade–Giles system. In the 19th century, the title was usually romanized as ''Lao-tse''.〔Franz, Alex & al. ed. (Google corpus ). 2008. Accessed 17 Jan;2014.〕〔Also encountered as ''Lao Tse'' and ''Lao-Tse''.〕 Other forms include the variants ''Lao-tze''〔Also encountered as ''Lao Tze'' and ''Lao-Tze''.〕 and ''Lao-tsu''〔Also encountered as ''Lao Tsu'' and ''Lao-Tsu''.〕 As a religious figure, he is worshipped under the name "Supreme Old Lord" , ''Tàishàng Lǎojūn'')〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Lao Zi and the Canon of Virtue )〕 and as one of the "Three Pure Ones". During the Tang, he was granted the title "Supremely Mysterious and Primordial Emperor" ''Táishāng Xuānyuán Huángdì''). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Laozi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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