翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Lateral condyle of femur ・ Lateral condyle of tibia ・ Lateral consonant ・ Lateral cord ・ Lateral corticospinal tract ・ Lateral costotransverse ligament ・ Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle ・ Lateral cutaneous branch ・ Lateral cutaneous branch of iliohypogastric nerve ・ Lateral cutaneous nerve ・ Lateral cutaneous nerve of arm ・ Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm ・ Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh ・ Lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve ・ Lateral dorsal nucleus of thalamus ・ Lateral earth pressure ・ Lateral electrical surface stimulation ・ Lateral epicondyle ・ Lateral epicondyle of the femur ・ Lateral epicondyle of the humerus ・ Lateral eruption ・ Lateral expansion ・ Lateral flap ・ Lateral flow test ・ Lateral force variation ・ Lateral funiculus ・ Lateral genicular artery ・ Lateral geniculate nucleus ・ Lateral giant interneuron ・ Lateral globus pallidus Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Lateral earth pressure ： ウィキペディア英語版 Lateral earth pressure Lateral earth pressure is the pressure that soil exerts in the horizontal direction. The lateral earth pressure is important because it affects the consolidation behavior and strength of the soil and because it is considered in the design of geotechnical engineering structures such as retaining walls, basements, tunnels, deep foundations and braced excavations. The coefficient of lateral earth pressure, K, is defined as the ratio of the horizontal effective stress, σ’h, to the vertical effective stress, σ’v. The effective stress is the intergranular stress calculated by subtracting the pore pressure from the total stress as described in soil mechanics. K for a particular soil deposit is a function of the soil properties and the stress history. The minimum stable value of K is called the active earth pressure coefficient, Ka; the active earth pressure is obtained, for example,when a retaining wall moves away from the soil. The maximum stable value of K is called the passive earth pressure coefficient, Kp; the passive earth pressure would develop, for example against a vertical plow that is pushing soil horizontally. For a level ground deposit with zero lateral strain in the soil, the "at-rest" coefficient of lateral earth pressure, K0 is obtained. There are many theories for predicting lateral earth pressure; some are empirically based, and some are analytically derived. == At rest pressure == At rest lateral earth pressure, represented as K0, is the ''in situ'' lateral pressure. It can be measured directly by a dilatometer test (DMT) or a borehole pressuremeter test (PMT). As these are rather expensive tests, empirical relations have been created in order to predict at rest pressure with less involved soil testing, and relate to the angle of shearing resistance. Two of the more commonly used are presented below. Jaky (1948)〔Jaky J. (1948) Pressure in silos, 2nd ICSMFE, London, Vol. 1, pp 103-107.〕 for normally consolidated soils: : $K\_\; =\; 1\; -\; \backslash sin\; \backslash phi\; \text{'}\; \backslash$ Mayne & Kulhawy (1982)〔Mayne, P.W. and Kulhawy, F.H. (1982). “K0-OCR relationships in soil”. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 108 (GT6), 851-872.〕 for overconsolidated soils: : $K\_\; =\; K\_$ * OCR^ \ The latter requires the OCR profile with depth to be determined. OCR is the overconsolidation ratio and $\backslash phi\; \text{'}$ is the effective stress friction angle. To estimate K0 due to compaction pressures, refer Ingold (1979)〔Ingold, T.S., (1979) The effects of compaction on retaining walls, Gèotechnique, 29, p265-283.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lateral earth pressure」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.