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Latrodectism is the illness caused by the bite of ''Latrodectus'' spiders (the black widow spider and related species). Pain, muscle rigidity, vomiting, and sweating are the hallmarks of latrodectism. Contrary to popular conception, latrodectism is very rarely fatal to people. Domestic cats have been known to die with convulsion and paralysis. There are several spider species all named black widow: Southern black widow spider (''L. mactans''), the European black widow (''L. tredecimguttatus''), Western black widow spider (''L. hesperus''), Northern black widow spider (''L.variolus''). Other ''Latrodectus'' that cause latrodectism are the Australian redback spider (''L. hasselti''), and the katipo spider (''L. katipo''). Several other members of ''Latrodectus'' genus are not commonly associated with latrodectism including the cosmopolitan brown widow (''L. geometricus''). ==Signs and symptoms== A bite of ''Latrodectus'' may not inject any venom (known as a dry bite) and so no illness occurs. About 75% of "wet" bites will have localized pain and nothing more.〔Vetter, Richard S., and Geoffrey K. Isbister. "Medical aspects of spider bites." ''Annual Review Entomology'' 53 (2008): 409-429.〕 If, however, there is a substantial dose, a bite can cause latrodectism. The main symptoms are generalized muscle pain, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting.〔Timms, Patrick K., and Robert B. Gibbons. "Latrodectism—effects of the black widow spider bite." Western Journal of Medicine 144.3 (1986): 315.〕 Initially a pinprick or burning sensation can be felt when bitten by widow spiders. If there was enough venom injected, pain worsens over the next hour. The area will develop localized sweating and gooseflesh piloerection. The pain may spread and become generalized. The typical duration is three to six days. Some people who do not receive antivenom may feel under the weather, be weak, and have muscle pain for weeks. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Latrodectism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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