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A latte ()〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Latte – Definition of latte by Merriam-Webster )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=latte – definition of latte in English from the Oxford dictionary )〕 is a coffee drink made with espresso and steamed milk. The term as used in English is a shortened form of the Italian ''caffè latte'' (:kafˈfɛ lˈlatte), ''caffelatte'' (:kaffeˈlatte) or ''caffellatte'' (:kaffelˈlatte), which means "milk coffee". The word is also sometimes spelled latté or lattè in English with different kinds of accent marks, which can be a hyperforeignism or a deliberate attempt to indicate that the word is not pronounced according to the rules of English orthography. In northern Europe and Scandinavia the term 'café au lait' has traditionally been used for the combination of espresso and milk, but this term is used in the US for brewed coffee and scalded milk. In France, 'caffè latte' is mostly known from American coffee chains; a combination of espresso and steamed milk equivalent to a 'latte' is in French called 'grand crème' and in German 'Milchkaffee' or 'Melange'. Variants include replacing the coffee with another drink base such as masala chai (spiced Indian tea), mate or matcha, and other types of milk, such as soy milk or almond milk are also used. == Origin == Coffee and milk have been part of European cuisine since the 17th century (there is no mention of milk in coffee pre 1600 in Turkey or in the Arab world). 'Caffè latte', 'Milchkaffee', 'Café au lait' and 'Café con leche' are domestic terms of traditional ways of drinking coffee, usually as part of breakfast in the home. Public cafés in Europe and the US it seems have no mention of the terms until the 20th century, although 'Kapuziner' is mentioned in Austrian coffee houses in Vienna and Trieste in the 2nd half of the 1700s as 'coffee with cream, spices and sugar' (being the origin of the Italian 'cappuccino'). According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', the term caffè latte was first used in English in 1867 by William Dean Howells in his essay "Italian Journeys". Kenneth David maintains that "...breakfast drinks of this kind have existed in Europe for generations, but the (commercial) caffè version of this drink is an American invention". The French term 'café au lait' was used in cafés in several countries in western continental Europe from 1900 onwards, while the French themselves started using the term 'café crème' for coffee with milk or cream. The Austrian-Hungarian empire (eastern Europe) had its own terminology for the coffees being served in coffee houses, while in German homes it was still called 'milchkaffee'. The Italians used the term 'caffè latte' domestically, but it is not known from cafés like 'Florian' in Venice or any other coffee houses or places where coffee was served publicly. Even when the Italian espresso bar culture bloomed in the years after WW2 both in Italy, and in cities like Vienna and London, 'espresso' and 'cappuccino' are the terms, 'latte' is missing on coffee menus. In Italian ''latte'' () means milk—so ordering a "latte" in Italy will get the customer a glass of milk.〔.〕 In English-speaking countries 'latte' is shorthand for "''caffelatte''" or "''caffellatte''" ("''caffè e latte''"), which is similar to the French ''café au lait'', the Spanish ''café con leche'', the Catalan ''cafè amb llet'' or the Portuguese ''galão.'' The Caffe Mediterraneum in Berkeley, California claims Lino Meiorin, one of its early owners, "invented" and "made the latte a standard drink" in the 1950s.〔.〕 The latte was popularized in Seattle, Washington in the early 1980s〔.〕 and spread more widely in the early 1990s.〔.〕 In northern Europe and Scandinavia, a similar 'trend' started in the early 1980s as 'café au lait' became popular again, prepared with espresso and steamed milk. 'Caffè latte' started replacing this term around 1996–97, but both names exist side by side, more often more similar than different in preparation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Latte」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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