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}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2014〔 | demonym = Latvian | capital = Riga | latd=56 |latm=57 |latNS=N |longd=24 |longm=6 |longEW=E | largest_city = capital | official_languages = Latviana | regional_languages = | government_type = Parliamentary republic | leader_title1 = President | leader_name1 = Raimonds Vējonis | leader_title2 = Prime Minister | leader_name2 = Laimdota Straujuma | leader_title3 = Saeima Speaker | leader_name3 = Ināra Mūrniece | legislature = Saeima | accessionEUdate = 1 May 2004 | area_rank = 124th | area_magnitude = 1 E10 | area_km2 = 64,589 | area_sq_mi = 24,938 | percent_water = 1.57% (1,014 km) | population_estimate = 1,997,500 | population_estimate_year = 2014 | population_estimate_rank = 148th | population_census = 2,070,371〔 | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 34.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 88.9 | population_density_rank = 166th | GDP_PPP = $49.891 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Latvia )〕 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_year = 2015 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $24,619〔 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 51st | GDP_nominal = $27.822 billion〔 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2015 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $13,729〔 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 52nd | sovereignty_type = Independence | established_event1 = Declaredb | established_date1 = 18 November 1918 | established_event2 = Recognized | established_date2 = 26 January 1921 | established_event3 = Soviet occupation | established_date3 = 5 August 1940 | established_event4 = Nazi German occupation | established_date4 = 10 July 1941 | established_event5 = Soviet re-occupation | established_date5 = 1944 | established_event6 = Announced independence | established_date6 = 4 May 1990 | established_event7 = Restored independence | established_date7 = 21 August 1991〔 |established_event8 = |established_date8 = 1 May 2004 | Gini_year = 2013 | Gini_change = | Gini = 35.2 | Gini_ref =〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12 )〕 | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2013 | HDI_change = steady | HDI = 0.810 |HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 48th | currency = Euro (€) | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = EET | utc_offset = +2 | households = 2,377,383 | time_zone_DST = EEST | utc_offset_DST = +3 | drives_on = right | calling_code = +371 | cctld = .lvc | footnote_a = Latvian is the sole official language.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia, Chapter 1 (Article 4) )〕 Livonian is considered an indigenous language and has special legal status. Latgalian written language and Latvian Sign Language also have special legal status. | footnote_b = Latvia is ''de jure'' continuous with its declaration of 18 November 1918. | footnote_c = The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states. }} Latvia (; (ラトビア語:Latvija) (:ˈlatvija)), officially the Republic of Latvia (), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe, one of the three Baltic states.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=United Nations (Statistics Division ) )〕 It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, as well as a maritime border to the west with Sweden. Latvia has 2,070,371 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate. Latvia is a democratic parliamentary republic established in 1918. The capital city is Riga, the European Capital of Culture 2014. Latvian is the official language. Latvia is a unitary state, divided into 118 administrative divisions, of which 109 are municipalities and 9 are cities. Latvians and Livs are the indigenous people of Latvia.〔 Latvian is an Indo-European language; it and Lithuanian are the only two surviving Baltic languages. Despite foreign rule from the 13th to 20th centuries, the Latvian nation maintained its identity throughout the generations via the language and musical traditions. Latvia and Estonia share a long common history. As a consequence of the Soviet occupation, both countries are home to a large number of ethnic Russians (26.9% in Latvia and 25.5% in Estonia), some of whom are non-citizens. Latvia is historically predominantly Protestant Lutheran, except for the Latgale region in the southeast, which has historically been predominantly Roman Catholic. The Republic of Latvia was founded on 18 November 1918. However, its ''de facto'' independence was interrupted at the outset of World War II. In 1940, the country was forcibly incorporated into the Soviet Union, invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941, and re-occupied by the Soviets in 1944 to form the Latvian SSR for the next fifty years. The peaceful Singing Revolution, starting in 1987, called for Baltic emancipation of Soviet rule. It ended with the Declaration on the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia on 4 May 1990, and restoring de facto independence on 21 August 1991.〔On 21 August 1991, after the Soviet coup d'état attempt, the Supreme Council adopted a Constitutional law, "On statehood of the Republic of Latvia", declaring Article 5 of the Declaration to be invalid, thus ending the transitional period and restoring de facto independence.〕 Latvia is a member of NATO, the European Union, the United Nations, the Council of Europe, CBSS, the IMF, NB8, NIB, OSCE and WTO. It is currently in the accession process for joining the OECD. For 2013, Latvia was listed 48th on the Human Development Index and as a high income country until 1 July 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/latvia )〕 It used the Latvian lats as its currency until this was replaced by the euro on 1 January 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bank.lv/en/eu-and-euro/eu-and-euro )〕 ==Etymology== The name ''Latvija'' is derived from the name of the ancient Latgalians, one of four Indo-European Baltic tribes (along with Couronians, Selonians and Semigallians), which formed the ethnic core of modern Latvians together with the Finnic Livonians. Henry of Latvia coined the Latinisations of the country's name, "Lettigallia" and "Lethia", both derived from the Latgalians. The terms inspired how Latvia is called in Romance languages - "Letonia" - and German - "Lettland".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Baltic Online )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Latvia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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