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Lazarussuchus
''Lazarussuchus'' (meaning "Lazarus's crocodile") is a genus of basal choristodere, a type of amphibious reptile, known from France, Germany, and the Czech Republic. Fossils have been found in Late Paleocene, Late Oligocene, and Early Miocene deposit, meaning that the genus lasted about 40 million years. Two species have been named: the type species ''L. inexpectatus'' ("unexpected") (Hecht, 1992) from the late Oligocene of France and Germany and ''L. dvoraki'' (for Zdeněk Dvořák) from the early Miocene of the Czech Republic. It was not a large animal; the skull of ''L. inexpectatus'' was only about 4.53 centimeters long (1.78 in).〔 A complete specimen of ''Lazarussuchus'' with preserved soft tissue was found from the Late Paleocene of France, but has not been assigned to a species.
==Age and relationships==
''Lazarussuchus'' is the youngest member of the group Choristodera and the only choristodere to have lived after the Eocene. Choristoderes were once thought to have gone extinct at the start of the Eocene, possibly due to climatic changes happening at this time. The first known fossils of ''Lazarussuchus'' came from the Late Oligocene, meaning that it extended the fossil range of Choristodera by several million years. ''Lazarussuchus'' was considered an example of the Lazarus effect because its presence marked a long gap in the choristodere fossil record. However, older specimens of ''Lazarussuchus'' have been found that extend its fossil range to before the Eocene, closing the gap in the record.〔
''Lazarussuchus'' has been interpreted as the most basal member of Choristodera, meaning that its lineage must have been the earliest to branch off from the group. Since the first definitive choristoderes appear in the Middle Jurassic, the lineage represented by ''Lazarussuchus'' must have extended at least as far back as the Middle Jurassic. This implies a very long ghost lineage of choristoderes spanning at least 100 million years in which no fossils are currently known.〔 The ''Lazarussuchus'' lineage may have been able to survive for such a long period of time and outlast all other choristodere lineages because they were small in size and had generalized, lizard-like body forms that enabled them to cope with environmental changes.〔 However, a more recent study places ''Cteniogenys'', the oldest known choristodere, as the most basal member of the group and has ''Lazarussuchus'' in a more derived position within a clade of small-bodied choristoderes known mostly from the Early Cretaceous. This position significantly shortens the ghost lineage of ''Lazarussuchus'', although there is still a gap between the disappearance of small-bodied, lizard-like choristoderes at the end of the Early Cretaceous and their reappearance in the form of ''Lazarussuchus'' in the Paleocene. Possible lizard-like choristoderes have been found in Late Cretaceous North American deposits, although their remains are very fragmentary.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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