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|region2 = |pop2 = 2,000 |ref2 = 〔 |region3 = |pop3 = 160 |ref3 = |rels = Sunni Islam, Georgian Orthodox〔Roger Rosen, Jeffrey Jay Foxx, The Georgian Republic, Passport Books (September 1991)〕 |langs = Laz, Georgian, Turkish |related-c = Mingrelians, Svans and other groups of Georgians | footnotes = }} The Laz or Lazi (Laz: ლაზეფე (pl.), ლაზი (sing.); (グルジア語:ლაზები/ჭანები (pl.); ლაზი/ჭანი (sing.)); (トルコ語:Lazlar, Laz);) are a Kartvelian-speaking ethnic group native to the Black Sea coastal regions of Turkey and Georgia.〔1 Minorsky, V. "Laz." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman , Th. Bianquis , C.E . Bosworth , E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2010.〕 Estimates of the total population of Laz people today ranges drastically, with numbers as low as 45,000 to as high as 1.6 million people, with the majority living in northeast Turkey. The Laz speak the Laz language, a member of the Kartvelian (South Caucasian) language family along with Georgian, Svan and Mingrelian.〔BRAUND, D., Georgia in antiquity: a history of Colchis and Transcaucasian Iberia 550 BC – AD 562, Oxford University Press, p. 93〕 The Laz language is classified as endangered by UNESCO, with an estimated 130,000 to 150,000 speakers in 2001.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=World Language Atlas )〕 ==History== (詳細はLazica dates back to at least the 6th century BC when the first South Caucasian state in the west was the Kingdom of Colchis which covered modern western Georgia and modern Turkish provinces of Trabzon and Rize. Between the early 2nd century B.C. and the late 2nd century AD, the Kingdom of Colchis together with the neighbor countries, become an arena of long and devastating conflicts between major local powers Rome, Kingdom of Armenia and the short-lived Kingdom of Pontus. As a result of the brilliant Roman campaigns of generals Pompey and Lucullus, the Kingdom of Pontus was completely destroyed by the Romans and all its territory including Colchis, were incorporated into Roman Empire as her provinces. The former Kingdom of Colchis was re-organized by the Romans into the province of ''Lazicum'' ruled by Roman legati. During Byzantine times, the word ''Colchi'' gave way to the term ''Lazica''. The Roman period was marked by further Hellenization of the region in terms of language, economy and culture. For example, since the early 3rd century, Greco-Latin Philosophical Academy of Phasis (present-day Poti) was quite famous all over the Roman Empire. In the early 3rd century, newly established Roman Lazicum was given certain degree of autonomy. which by the end of the century developed into full the independence and formation of a new Kingdom of Lazica (covering the modern day regions of Abkhazia, Mingrelia, Guria and Adjaria) on the basis of smaller principalities of Svans, Apsilae, Zans and Sanigs. Lazica survived more than 250 years until in 562 AD it was absorbed by the Byzantine Empire. The ruins of the ancient historical city-fortress of Petra are located in the village of Tsikhisdziri, Kobuleti, which dates back to the 6th century AD. Historically the territory was inhabited and belonged to the Laz people - one of the Iberian tribes. The Byzantine Emperor Justinian build a city here because of the importance of its unique strategic and trade-economic location. The city was crossed by the essential route connecting Western Georgia, with Byzantine provinces, Persia and Armenia. The re-incorporation of Lazica with the Kingdom of Aphkhazeti into the Byzantine Empire in 562 AD, as a result of a campaign waged by Byzantine Emperor Justinian, was followed by 150 years of relative stability that ceased in the early 7th century, when the Arabs appeared in the area as a new regional power. Under the Ottoman Empire, part of Lazika became the Lazistan Sanjak, which existed until the end of the empire in 1923. In 1801, the Laz living in Georgia became members of the Russian Empire and eventually became Soviet citizens after World War I. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Laz people」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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