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Leishmaniavirus
''Leishmaniavirus'' (also known as ''Leishmania'' RNA virus or LRV) is a genus of double-stranded RNA virus, in the family Totiviridae. Protozoa serve as natural hosts, and Leishmaniaviruses are present in several species of the human protozoan parasite ''Leishmania''. There are currently only two species in this genus including the type species Leishmania RNA virus 1.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/648.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release )〕
==History==
The presence of virus-like particles in ''Leishmania hertigi'' was first reported in 1974.〔Molyneux, D.H., Virus-like particles in Leishmania parasites. Nature, 1974. 249(457): p. 588.〕 Various molecular descriptions of ''Leishmaniavirus'' were revealed over the subsequent decade, and mostly performed on members of the South American ''L. (Viannia)'' subgenus of parasites (which carries the LRV1 species) such as ''L. guyanensis'' (''L.g'') 〔Tarr, P.I., et al., LR1: a candidate RNA virus of Leishmania. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1988. 85(24): p. 9572.〕〔Stuart, K.D., et al., Molecular organization of Leishmania RNA virus 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1992. 89(18): p. 8596.〕〔Guilbride, L., et al., Distribution and sequence divergence of LRV1 viruses among different Leishmania species. Mol Biochem Parasitol, 1992. 54(1): p. 101.〕〔Weeks, R.S., et al., Transcribing and replicating particles in a double-stranded RNA virus from Leishmania. Mol Biochem Parasitol, 1992. 52(2): p. 207.〕〔Weeks, R., et al., LRV1 viral particles in Leishmania guyanensis contain double-stranded or single-stranded RNA. J Virol, 1992. 66(3): p. 1389.〕〔Widmer, G., et al., Characterization of a RNA virus from the parasite Leishmania. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1989. 86(15): p. 5979.〕 and then later in ''L. braziliensis'' (''L.b'').〔〔Salinas, G., et al., Leishmania RNA viruses in Leishmania of the Viannia subgenus. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1996. 54(4): p. 425.〕 Recently, interest in these microbial viruses has been renewed by a finding that they may play a role in leishmanial pathology.〔Ives, A., et al., (Leishmania RNA virus controls the severity of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. ) Science, 2011. 331(6018): p. 775.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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