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:''This article refers to the Lemko peoples. For their attempted nation, please see Lemko Republic.'' Lemkos ((ウクライナ語:''Лeмки''), (ポーランド語:Łemkowie), Lemko: ''Лeмкы'', translit. ''Lemky''; sing. ''Лeмкo'', ''Lemko''), one of several quantitatively and territorially small ethnic sub-groups inhabiting a stretch of the Carpathian Mountains known as Lemkivshchyna. Many Lemkos identify as a branch of Ukrainians. Their spoken language, which is uncodified, has been variously described as a language in its own right, a dialect of Rusyn, or a dialect of the Ukrainian language. In Ukraine almost all Lemkos also speak Ukrainian, according to the 2001 Ukrainian Census.〔(2001 Ukrainian Census )〕 In the Polish Census of 2011, 11,000 people declared Lemko nationality, of whom 6,000 declared only Lemko nationality, 4,000 declared double national identity – Lemko-Polish, and 1,000 declared Lemko identity together with non-Polish identity.〔''(Przynależność narodowo-etniczna ludności – wyniki spisu ludności i mieszkań 2011 )''. GUS. Materiał na konferencję prasową w dniu 29 January 2013. p. 3. 〕 ==Location== (詳細はLemkivshchyna'' ((ウクライナ語:Лeмкiвщина), Lemko: ''Lemkovyna'' (Лeмкoвина), (ポーランド語:Łemkowszczyzna)). Up until 1945, this included the area from the Poprad River in the west to the valley of Oslawa River in the east, areas situated primarily in present-day Poland, in the Lesser Poland and Subcarpathian Voivodeships (provinces). This part of the Carpathian mountains is mostly deforested, which allowed for an agrarian economy, alongside such traditional occupations as ox grazing and sheep herding. The Lemko region became part of Poland in medieval Piast times. Lemkos were made part of the Austria province of Galicia in 1772. This area was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until its dissolution in 1918, at which point the Lemko-Rusyn Republic (''Ruska Lemkivska'') declared its independence. Independence did not last long however, and the republic was incorporated into Poland in 1920. As a result of the forcible deportation of Ukrainians from Poland to the Soviet Union after World War II, the majority of Lemkos in Poland were either resettled from their historic homeland to the prеviously German territories in the North-Western region of Poland or to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. Only those Lemkos living the Prešov Region in present-day Slovakia continue to live on their ancestral lands, with the exception of some Lemkos who resettled in their homeland in the late 1950s and afterward. Lemkos are/were neighbours with Slovaks, Carpathian Germans and ''Lachy sądeckie'' (Poles) to the west, Pogorzans (Poles) and ''Dolinians'' (a Rusyn subgroup) to the north, Ukrainians to the east, and Slovaks to the south. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lemkos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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