|
The genus ''Amanita'' contains about 600 species of agarics including some of the most toxic known mushrooms found worldwide, as well as some well-regarded edible species. This genus is responsible for approximately 95% of the fatalities resulting from mushroom poisoning, with the death cap accounting for about 50% on its own. The most potent toxin present in these mushrooms is α-amanitin. The genus also contains many edible mushrooms, but mycologists discourage mushroom hunters, other than knowledgeable experts, from selecting any of these for human consumption. Nonetheless, in some cultures, the larger local edible species of ''Amanita'' are mainstays of the markets in the local growing season. Samples of this are ''Amanita zambiana'' and other fleshy species in central Africa, ''A. basii'' and similar species in Mexico, ''A. caesarea'' in Europe, and ''A. chepangiana'' in South-East Asia. Other species are used for colouring sauces, such as the red ''A. jacksonii'' with a range from eastern Canada to eastern Mexico. Many species are of unknown edibility, especially in countries such as Australia, where many fungi are little-known. ==Taxonomy== The name is possibly derived from Amanon, a mountain in Cilicia. The genus ''Amanita'' was first published with its current meaning by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1797.〔Persoon, C.H. (1797) ''Tent. disp. meth. fung.'': 65〕 Under the ''International Code of Botanical Nomenclature'', Persoon's concept of ''Amanita'', with ''Amanita muscaria'' (L.) Pers. as the type species, has been officially conserved against the older ''Amanita'' Boehm (1760), which is considered a synonym of ''Agaricus'' L.〔J. McNeill et al. (eds)(2006) ''International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna, 2005)'', Appendix IIIA Nomina generica conservanda et rejicienda, B. Fungi http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amanita」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|