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Gar
Gars (or garpike) are members of the Lepisosteiformes (or Semionotiformes), an ancient order of ray-finned fish; fossils from this order are known from the late Cretaceous onwards. The family Lepisosteidae includes seven living species of fish in two genera that inhabit fresh, brackish, and occasionally marine, waters of eastern North America, Central America and the Caribbean islands.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Family Lepisosteidae - Gars )〕〔Sterba, G: Freshwater Fishes of the World, p. 609, Vista Books, 1962〕 Gars have elongated bodies that are heavily armored with ganoid scales, and fronted by similarly elongated jaws filled with long, sharp teeth. All the gars are relatively large fish, but the alligator gar (''Atractosteus spatula'') is the largest, as specimens have been recorded up to in length.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Atractosteus spatula - Alligator gar )〕 Unusually, their vascularised swim bladders can function as lungs,〔 and most gars surface periodically to take a gulp of air. Gar flesh is edible and the hard skin and scales of gars are used by humans.
==Etymology==
The name ''gar'' was originally used for a species of needlefish (''Belone belone'') found in the North Atlantic and likely taking its name from the Old English word for "spear".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gar )〕 ''Belone belone'' is now more commonly referred to as the "garfish" or "gar fish" to avoid confusion with the North American gars of the family Lepisosteidae. Confusingly, the name "garfish" is commonly used for a number of other species of the related genera ''Strongylura, Tylosurus'' and ''Xenentodon'' of the family Belonidae, as well as of some more distantly related genera in the suborder Belonoidei.〔(www.fishbase.org )〕
The genus name ''Lepisosteus'' comes from the Greek ''lepis'' meaning "scale" and ''osteon'' meaning "bone".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Genera reference detail )〕 ''Atractosteus'' is similarly derived from Greek, in this case from ''atraktos'', meaning ''arrow.''〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Genera reference detail )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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