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Eastern spadefoot toad
Eastern spadefoot toads (''Leptobrachium'', also known as large-eyed litter frogs) is a genus of the Megophryidae family in the order Anura, and are found in southern China, northeast India, Southeast Asia, and islands of the Sunda Shelf as well as the Philippines. They are characterized by a stocky body with slender, short hindlimbs. In identifying species, iris colour is a valuable diagnostic morphological characteristic (see ''Leptobrachium bompu'' for an example of a blue-eyed species); the iris has uniform colour in some species, whereas in other species the upper half is coloured and the lower half is dark.〔
The sister taxon of ''Leptobrachium'' is a clade that includes ''Scutiger'' and ''Oreolalax''.〔
==Subgenera==
Two subgenera, ''Leptobrachium'' and ''Vibrissaphora'', are recognized; the latter was originally described as a genus, with ''Vibrissaphora boringii'' as the type species.〔 These subgenera (or genera) were originally separated by presence (in ''Vibrissaphora'', hence the common name moustache or spiny toad) and absence of nuptial spines on the upper labium in males during the breeding season (in ''Leptobrachium''). Later genetic analyses have not supported this original separation, but still indicate the presence of two distinct clades. These clades can be referred to as subgenera ''Leptobrachium'' and ''Vibrissaphora'', but their contents differ from the earlier, purely morphological definition (''Vibrissaphora'' contains all spiny species, but also non-spiny ones). Subgenus ''Vibrissaphora'' thus defined is distributed in southern China and Indochina, and subgenus ''Leptobrachium'' in the Malay Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago northwest of the Wallace Line. No morphological character that could uniquely separate the subgenera has yet been identified.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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