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| other_name = | image_skyline = Lleida - La Seu Vella (des de Cappont).jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = La Seu Vella cathedral in Lleida | image_flag = Flag of Lleida.svg | image_shield = Coat of Arms of Lleida.svg | motto = | pushpin_map = Spain Catalonia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Lleida within Catalonia | pushpin_map1 = Spain | pushpin_label_position1 = | pushpin_map_alt1 = | pushpin_map_caption1 = Location of Lleida within Spain | coordinates_region = ES | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = | subdivision_type1 = Autonomous community | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = Province | subdivision_name2 = Lleida | subdivision_type3 = Comarca | subdivision_name3 = Segrià | seat_type = | seat = | latd = 41 |latm = 37 |lats = 00|latNS = N | longd = 00 |longm = 38 |longs = 00|longEW = E | coordinates_type = region:ES_type:city | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_footnotes = | elevation_m = 155 | area_footnotes =〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=El municipi en xifres: Lleida )〕 | area_total_km2 = 212.3 | established_title = Founded | established_date = 6th century BC | population_footnotes = 〔 | population_total = 139176 | population_as_of = 2014 | population_demonym = | population_note = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_metro = 250,000 | blank_name_sec1 = Official language(s) | blank_info_sec1 = Catalan, Spanish | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 25001-25007 | area_code_type = Dialing code | area_code = 34 (Spain) + 973 (Lleida) | government_type = Mayor-Council | governing_body = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Àngel Ros i Domingo (2015)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ajuntament de Lleida )〕 | leader_party = PSC | website = | footnotes = }} Lleida (, ; (スペイン語:Lérida) (:ˈleɾiða)) is a city in the west of Catalonia, Spain, capital city of the province of Lleida. Geographically, it is located in the Catalan Central Depression. The metro area has about 250,000 inhabitants. It is also the capital city of the Segrià comarca, as well as the largest city in the province. It had 137,387 inhabitants , including the contiguous municipalities of Raimat and Sucs. Lleida is one of the oldest towns in Catalonia, with recorded settlements dating back to the Bronze Age period. Until the Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, the area served as a settlement for an Iberian people, the Ilergetes. The town became a municipality, named Ilerda, under the reign of Augustus. It was reconquered in 1149, after being many centuries under the rule of the Moors, who had conquered the town in the 8th century. In 1297, the University of Lleida was founded, becoming the third oldest in the whole of Spain. During the following centuries, the town was damaged by several wars such as the Reapers' War in the 17th century and the Spanish Civil War in the 20th century. Since then, the city has been in a constant urban, commercial and demographic growth. ==History== In ancient times the city, named Iltrida and Ilerda, was the chief city of the Ilergetes, an Iberian tribe. Indíbil, king of the Ilergetes, and Mandoni, king of the Ausetanes, defended it against the Carthaginian and Roman invasions. Under the Romans, the city was incorporated into the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis, and was a place of considerable importance, historically as well as geographically. It stood upon an eminence, on the right (west) bank of the river Sicoris (the modern Segre), the principal tributary of the Ebre, and some distance above its confluence with the Cinga (modern Cinca); thus commanding the country between those rivers, as well as the great road from Tarraco (modern Tarragona), the provincial capital, to the northwest of Spain, which here crossed the Sicoris.〔''Antonine Itinerary'' pp. 391, 452.〕 Its situation〔To quote Julius Caesar, "''propter ipsius loci opportunitatem''", ''Commentarii de Bello Civili'' i. 38.〕 induced the legates of Pompey in Spain to make it the key of their defense against Caesar, in the first year of the Civil War (49 BCE). Afranius and Marcus Petreius threw themselves into the place with five legions; and their siege by Caesar himself (Battle of Ilerda), as narrated in his own words, forms one of the most interesting passages of military history. The resources exhibited by the great general, in a contest where the formation of the district and the very elements of nature seemed in league with his enemies, have been frequently extolled; but no epitome can do justice to the campaign. It ended by the capitulation of Afranius and Petreius, who were conquered as much by Caesar's generosity as by his strategy.〔Julius Caesar ''Commentarii de Bello Civili'' i. 38, ''et seq.''; Florus iv. 12; Appian, ''B.C.'' ii. 42; Velleius Paterculus ii. 42; Suetonius ''Caes.'' 34; Lucan, ''Pharsal.'' iv. 11, 144.〕 In consequence of the battle, the Latin phrase ''Ilerdam videas'' is said to have been used by people who wanted to cast bad luck on someone else. Under the Roman empire, Ilerda was a very flourishing city, and a ''municipium''. It minted its own coins. It had a fine stone bridge over the Sicoris, (the bridge was so sturdy that its foundations support a bridge to this day). In the time of Ausonius the city had fallen into decay; but it rose again into importance in the Middle Ages.〔Strabo iii. p. 161; Horat. ''Epist.'' i. 20. 13; coins, ''ap.'' Florez, ''Med.'' ii. pp. 451, 646, iii. p. 73; Théodore Edme Mionnet, vol. i. p. 44, Suppl. vol. i. p. 89; Sestini, pp. 161, 166; Eckhel, vol. i. p. 51.〕 It was part of Visigothic and Muslim Hispania until it was conquered from the Moors by the Count Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona in 1149. It used to be the seat of a major university, the oldest in the Crown of Aragon, until 1717, when it was moved by Philip V to the nearby town of Cervera. The University of Lleida is nowadays active again since 1991. During the Reapers' War, Lleida was occupied by the French and rebel forces. In 1644 the city was conquered by the Spanish under D. Felipe da Silva. Lleida served as a key defense point for Barcelona during the Spanish Civil War, and fell to the Insurgents, whose air forces bombed it extensively, in 1937 and 1938. The November 2, 1937 Legion Condor attacks against Lleida became especially infamous since they were aimed to the school known as ''Liceu Escolar de Lleida''. 48 children and several teachers died in it that day, 300 people were killed on the November 2 bombings altogether, and the town would be bombed and sieged again in 1938, when it was conquered by Franco's forces.〔() 〕 After some decades without any kind of population growth, it met a massive migration of Andalusians who helped the town undergo a relative demographic growth. Nowadays it is home to immigrants of 146 different nationalities. During 2007 Lleida was the year's Capital of Catalan Culture. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lleida」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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