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''Leutnant'' (OF-1b) is the lowest Lieutenant officer rank in the armed forces of Germany (Bundeswehr), Austrian Armed Forces, and Military of Switzerland. ==History== The German noun (with the meaning “Stellvertreter” (in English "deputy") from Middle High German «locum tenens» Platzhalter (in English "place holder") was derived from the French word «Lieutenant» about 1500. In most German-speaking armies it is the lowest officer rank (in German-speaking navies «Leutnant zur See» (English "Lieutenant at sea"). In the German Bundeswehr the ranks ''Leutnant'' OF1b and ''Oberleutnant'' OF1a belong to the ''Leutnant'' rank group. In some other armed forces (such as the former National People's Army) there is the lower grade of Unterleutnant (OR1c). From about 1500 until the middle of the 17th century the designation of «Leutnant» was commonly used for any deputy to a commanding officer. So at the army level there was the appointment of ''General-Leutnant'' (English "lieutenant-general"), at the regimental level there was that of ''Oberst-Leutnant'' (English "lieutenant-colonel"), and at the company level the ''Leutnant'' was deputy to a ''Hauptmann'' (English "captain"). With the formation of standing armies in the second half of the 17th century, the term commonly came to designate the rank of the least senior commissioned officer. In the 18th and 19th century, at the unit level several ''Leutnants'' served as platoon leaders. At that time the ranks of ''Premier-Lieutenant'' and ''Seconde-Lieutenant'' came into existence. With effect from January 1, 1899 in the German Empire these ranks were renamed as ''Oberleutnant'' and ''Leutnant''.〔BROCKHAUS, The encyclopedia in 24 volumes (1796–2001), Volume 13: 3-7653-3673-4, page 354; definition: «Leutnant».〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Leutnant」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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