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The Book of Leviticus (; from Greek Λευιτικόν, ''Leuitikon'', meaning "relating to the Levites") is the third book of the Hebrew Bible, and the third of five books of the Torah (or Pentateuch). Its Hebrew name, (ヘブライ語:ויקרא), ''Vayikra''/''Wayiqra'', comes from its first word, "And He called." The English name is from the Latin ''Leviticus'', taken in turn from Greek and a reference to the Levites, the tribe of Aaron, from whom the priests descended. The book, however, addresses all the people of Israel (1:2) though some passages address the priests specifically (6:8). Most of its chapters (1–7, 11–27) consist of God's speeches to Moses which he is commanded to repeat to the Israelites. This takes place within the story of the Israelites' Exodus after they escaped Egypt and reached Mt. Sinai (Exodus 19:1). The book of Exodus narrates how Moses led the Israelites in building the Tabernacle (Exodus 35–40) based on God's instructions (Exodus 25–31). Then in Leviticus, God tells the Israelites and their priests how to make offerings in the Tabernacle and how to conduct themselves while camped around the holy tent sanctuary. Leviticus takes place during the month or month-and-a-half between the completion of the Tabernacle (Exodus 40:17) and the Israelites' departure from Sinai (Numbers 1:1, 10:11). The instructions of Leviticus emphasize ritual, legal and moral practices rather than beliefs. Nevertheless, they reflect the world view of the creation story in Genesis 1 that God wishes to live with humans. The book teaches that faithful performance of the sanctuary rituals can make that possible, so long as the people avoid sin and impurity whenever possible. The rituals, especially the sin and guilt offerings, provide the means to gain forgiveness for sins (Leviticus 4–5) and purification from impurities (Leviticus 11–16) so that God can continue to live in the Tabernacle in the midst of the people.〔Gorman, pp.4–5, 14–16〕 The traditional view is that Leviticus was compiled by Moses, but scholars are practically unanimous that the book had a long period of growth, and that although it includes some material of considerable antiquity, it reached its present form in the Persian period (538–332 BCE).〔Grabbe (1998), p.92〕 ==Structure== ''(The outlines provided by commentaries are similar, though not identical; compare those of Wenham, Hartley, Milgrom, and Watts)〔Wenham, pp.3–4〕〔Hartley, pp.vii-viii〕〔Milgrom (1991), pp.v-x〕〔Watts (2013), pp.12-20〕 I. Laws on sacrifice (1:1–7:38) :A. Instructions for the laity on bringing offerings (1:1–6:7) ::1–5. The types of offering: burnt, cereal, peace, purification, reparation (or sin) offerings (ch. 1–5) :B. Instructions for the priests (6:1–7:38) ::1–6. The various offerings, with the addition of the priests' cereal offering (6:1–7:36) ::7. Summary (7:37–38) II. Institution of the priesthood (8:1–10:20) :A. Ordination of Aaron and his sons (ch. 8) :B. Aaron makes the first sacrifices (ch. 9) :C. Judgement on Nadab and Abihu (ch. 10) III. Uncleanliness and its treatment (11:1–15:33) :A. Unclean animals (ch. 11) :B. Uncleanliness caused by childbirth (ch. 12) :C. Unclean diseases (ch. 13) :D. Cleansing of diseases (ch. 14) :E. Unclean discharges (ch. 15) IV. Day of Atonement: purification of the tabernacle from the effects of uncleanliness and sin (ch. 16) V. Prescriptions for practical holiness (the Holiness Code, chs. 17–26) :A. Sacrifice and food (ch. 17) :B. Sexual behaviour (ch. 18) :C. Neighbourliness (ch.19) :D. Grave crimes (ch. 20) :E. Rules for priests (ch. 21) :F. Rules for eating sacrifices (ch. 22) :G. Festivals (ch.23) :H. Rules for the tabernacle (ch. 24:1–9) :I. Blasphemy (ch. 24:10–23) :J. Sabbatical and Jubilee years (ch. 25) :K. Exhortation to obey the law: blessing and curse (ch. 26) V. Redemption of votive gifts (ch. 27) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Book of Leviticus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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