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Libanius
Libanius ((ギリシア語:Λιβάνιος), ''Libanios''; c. 314 – 392 or 393) was a Greek-speaking teacher of rhetoric of the Sophist school. During the rise of Christian hegemony in the later Roman Empire, he remained unconverted and in religious matters was a pagan Hellene.
==Life==
He was born into a once-influential, deeply cultured family of Antioch that had recently come into diminished circumstances. When fourteen years old, Libanius fell in love with rhetoric and focused his whole life on it. He withdrew from public life and devoted himself to philosophy. Unfamiliar with Latin literature, he deplored its influence. He also attacked the increasing imperial pressures on the traditional city-oriented culture that had been supported and dominated by the local upper classes. Libanius used his arts of rhetoric to advance various private and political causes. Despite his own religious views and his friendship with the Emperor Julian, called "the Apostate" for attempting to restore the traditional religions of the empire, Libanius cultivated long-lasting friendships with Christians, both as private individuals and as imperial officials.
He studied in Athens and began his career in Constantinople as a private tutor, but was soon exiled to Nicomedia. Before his exile, Libanius was a friend of the emperor Julian, with whom some correspondence survives, and in whose memory he wrote a series of orations; they were composed between 362 and 365.
The works of Libanius are valuable as a historical source for the changing world of the later 4th century. His first ''Oration I'' is an autobiographical narrative, first written in 374 and revised throughout his life, a scholar's account that ends as an old exile's private journal. In 354, he accepted the chair of rhetoric in Antioch, where he stayed until his death. Although Libanius was not a Christian, his students included such notable Christians as John Chrysostom and Theodore of Mopsuestia.〔Cameron, A. (1998) "Education and literary culture" in Cameron, A. and Garnsey, P. (eds.) ''The Cambridge ancient history: Vol. XIII The late empire, A.D. 337-425''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 668-669.〕 Despite friendship with the restorationist Emperor Julian, he was made an honorary ''praetorian prefect'' by the Christian Emperor Theodosius I.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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