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The Libu (, ''R'bw'', Ribou, Labu) were an ancient Libyan tribe, from which the name ''Libya'' derives. They were closely related to the Berbers and Ancient Egyptians. Their occupation of ancient Libya is first attested in ancient Egyptian texts from the New Kingdom, especially from the Ramesside Period. The earliest occurrence is in a Ramesses II inscription.〔Clark, Desmond J. (ed.) (1982) "Egypt and Libia" ''The Cambridge History of Africa: From the earliest times to c. 500 BC'' volume I, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, p. 919, ISBN 0-521-22215-X〕 There were no vowels in the Egyptian script. The name Libu is written as ''LBW'' or ''RBW'' in Egyptian hieroglyphs. In the Great Karnak Inscription Merneptah describes how hostilities between Egypt and Libya broke out and how the Libyans were defeated.〔Breasted, James H. (1906) ''Ancient Records of Egypt'', Part Three, Chicago, §§572ff.〕 Ramesses III defeated the Libyans in the 5th year of his reign, but six years later the Libyans joined the Meshwesh and invaded the western Delta and were defeated again.〔J. H. Breasted, ''Ancient Records of Egypt'', Part Four, Chicago 1906, §§83ff.〕 ''Libu'' appears as an ethnic name on ''the Merneptah Stele'', also known as the ''Israel Stele''.〔''() The vile chief of the Libu who fled under cover of night alone without a feather on his head, his feet unshod, his wives seized before his very eyes, the meal for his food taken away, and without water in the water-skin to keep him alive; the faces of his brothers are savage to kill him, his captains fighting one against the other, their camps burnt and made into ashes ()'' ''After'' Gardiner, Alan Henderson (1964) ''Egypt of the Pharaohs: an introduction'' Oxford University Press, London, p. 273, ISBN 0-19-500267-9〕 Afterward, the name appeared repeatedly in other pharaonic records. This name ''Libu'' was taken over by the Greeks of Cyrenaica, who co-existed with them.〔Fage, J. D. (ed.) (1978) "The Libyans" ''The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 500 BC to AD 1050'' volume II, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, p. 141, ISBN 0-521-21592-7〕 Geographically, the name of this tribe was adopted by the Greeks for "Cyrenaica" as well as for northwestern Africa in general. In the neo-Punic inscriptions, ''Libu'' was written as Lby for the masculine noun, and Lbt for the feminine noun of ''Libyan''. The name supposedly was used as an ethnic name in those inscriptions. ==See also== *Ancient Egypt *Ancient Libya *Meshwesh *Phut 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Libu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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