|
Lifeworld ((ドイツ語:Lebenswelt)) may be conceived as a universe of what is self-evident or given,〔(The given ) further explained〕 a world that subjects may experience together.〔Intersubjectivity#Definition〕 For Husserl, the lifeworld is the fundament for all epistemological enquiries. The concept has its origin in biology and cultural Protestantism.〔fn: a German ''fin-de-siècle'' movement, which questioned the church hierarchy and sought to combine protestant and scientific beliefs (Treitel, 2000)〕〔Eden, 2004〕 The lifeworld concept is used in philosophy and in some social sciences, particularly sociology and anthropology. The concept emphasizes a state of affairs in which the world is experienced, the world is lived (German ''erlebt''). The lifeworld is a pre-epistemological stepping stone for phenomenological analysis in the Husserlian tradition. ==The phenomenological concept of lifeworld== Edmund Husserl introduced the concept of the lifeworld in his ''The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology'' (1936): This collective inter-subjective pool of perceiving, Husserl explains, is both universally present and, for humanity's purposes, capable of arriving at 'objective truth,' or at least as close to objectivity as possible.〔Husserl, Edmund. (1936/1970). The Crisis of the European Sciences, p. 133.〕 The 'lifeworld' is a grand theatre of objects variously arranged in space and time relative to perceiving subjects, is already-always there, and is the “ground” for all shared human experience.〔Husserl, Edmund. (1936/1970). The Crisis of the European Sciences, p. 142〕 Husserl's formulation of the lifeworld was also influenced by Wilhelm Dilthey's "life-nexus" (German ''Lebenszusammenhang'') and Martin Heidegger's Being-in-the-world (German ''In-der-Welt-Sein''). The concept was further developed by students of Husserl such as Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jan Patočka, and Alfred Schütz. The lifeworld can be thought of as the horizon of all our experiences, in the sense that it is that background on which all things appear as themselves and meaningful. The lifeworld cannot, however, be understood in a purely static manner; it isn't an unchangeable background, but rather a dynamic horizon in which we ''live'', and which "lives with us" in the sense that nothing can appear in our lifeworld except as ''lived''. The concept represented a turning point in Husserl's phenomenology from the tradition of Descartes and Kant. Up until then, Husserl had been focused on finding, elucidating, and explaining an absolute foundation of philosophy in consciousness, without any presuppositions except what can be found through the reflective analysis of consciousness and what is immediately present to it. Originally, all judgments of the real were to be "bracketed" or suspended, and then analyzed to bring to light the role of consciousness in constituting or constructing them. With the concept of the lifeworld, however, Husserl embarked on a different path, which recognizes that, even at its deepest level, consciousness is already embedded in and operating in a world of meanings and pre-judgements that are socially, culturally, and historically constituted. Phenomenology thereby became the study not just of the pure consciousness and meanings of a transcendental ego, as in Husserl's earlier work, but of consciousness and meaning in context. The lifeworld is one of the more complicated concepts in phenomenology, mainly because of its status as both personal and intersubjective. Even if a person's historicity is intimately tied up with his lifeworld, and each person thus has a lifeworld, this doesn't necessarily mean that the lifeworld is a purely individual phenomenon. In keeping with the phenomenological notion of intersubjectivity, the lifeworld can be intersubjective even though each individual ''necessarily'' carries his own "personal" lifeworld ("homeworld"); meaning is intersubjectively accessible, and can be communicated (shared by one's "homecomrades"). However, a homeworld is also always limited by an alienworld. The internal "meanings" of this alienworld ''can'' be communicated, but can never be apprehended ''as alien''; the alien can only be appropriated or assimilated into the lifeworld, and only understood on the background of the lifeworld. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lifeworld」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|