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Syringa vulgaris
''Syringa vulgaris'' (lilac or common lilac) is a species of flowering plant in the olive family Oleaceae, native to the Balkan Peninsula, where it grows on rocky hills.〔Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.〕〔Med-Checklist: (''Syringa vulgaris'' )〕〔Flora Europaea: (''Syringa vulgaris'' )〕 This species is widely cultivated as an ornamental and has been naturalized in other parts of Europe (UK, France, Germany, Italy, etc.) as well as much of North America. It is not regarded as an aggressive species, found in the wild in widely scattered sites, usually in the vicinity of past or present human habitations.〔(Biota of North America Program, ''Syringa vulgaris'' )〕〔(Altervista Flora Italiana, ''Syringa vulgaris'' )〕〔(Illinois wildflowers, common lilac, ''Syringa vulgaris'' )〕
==Description==
''Syringa vulgaris'' is a large deciduous shrub or multi-stemmed small tree, growing to high, producing secondary shoots ("suckers") from the base or roots, with stem diameters of up to , which in the course of decades may produce a small clonal thicket.〔In second-growth woodlands of New England, a thicket of lilac may be the first indication of the cellar-hole of a vanished nineteenth-century timber-framed farmhouse.〕 The bark is grey to grey-brown, smooth on young stems, longitudinally furrowed and flaking on older stems. The leaves are simple, and 3–8 cm broad, light green to glaucous, oval to cordate, with pinnate leaf venation, a mucronate apex and an entire margin. They are arranged in opposite pairs or occasionally in whorls of three. The flowers have a tubular base to the corolla 6–10 mm long with an open four-lobed apex 5–8 mm across, usually lilac to mauve, occasionally white. They are arranged in dense, terminal panicles long. The fruit is a dry, smooth brown capsule, 1–2 cm long, splitting in two to release the two winged seeds.〔〔Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). ''Flora of Britain and Northern Europe''. ISBN 0-340-40170-2〕
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