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Line officer
In the United States Armed Forces, the term line officer or officer of the line refers to a U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine, U.S. Air Force or U.S. Coast Guard commissioned officer who exercises general command authority and is eligible for operational command positions, as opposed to officers who normally exercise authority within a specialty. The term is not generally used by officers of the U.S. Army—the roughly corresponding Army terms are basic branch and special branch although the concepts are not synonymous, as some special branch Army officers are eligible to hold command.〔http://www.apd.army.mil/jw2/xmldemo/r600_20/main.asp#ch2〕
Officers who are not line officers are those whose primary duties are in non-combat specialties including chaplains, attorneys (only U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy), and medical services. A line officer may hold authority over a non-line officer of higher rank by the nature of their job, but is otherwise expected to observe normal customs and courtesies outside that role.
''See explanation of staff and line.''
==History==
The expression "officer of the line" is possibly rooted in the 18th- and 19th-century Royal Navy practice of employing sail-powered warships in line formations to maximize the effectiveness of side-mounted cannons. The ships were called ships of the line and their officers were termed line officers. The term also derives from "walking the line" and in many military circles is believed to have come from a "line in the sand" which two groups of officers once used in a political argument to gain power.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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