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''Lingshu Jing'' (), also known as ''Divine Pivot'', ''Spiritual Pivot'', or ''Numinous Pivot'', is an ancient Chinese medical text whose earliest version was probably compiled in the 1st century BCE on the basis of earlier texts.〔Sivin (1993), 199-201.〕 It is one of two parts of a larger medical work known as the ''Huangdi Neijing'' (Inner Canon of Huangdi or Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon). The other section, which is more commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, is known as the ''Suwen'' 素問 ("Basic Questions"). ==Textual history== No version of the ''Lingshu'' prior to the 12th century has survived. Most scholars presume that the original title of the ''Lingshu'' was either ''Zhenjing'' 鍼經 (of Acupuncture" or "Needling Canon" ) or ''Jiujuan'' 九卷 (Fascicles" ). They base this conclusion on the following evidence: * The ''Huangdi neijing'' was listed as a book in 18 juan 卷 ("fascicles") in the bibliographical chapter ("Yiwenzhi" 藝文志) of Ban Gu's 班固 Book of Han (''Hanshu'' 漢書).〔Sivin (1993), 196.〕 That chapter was itself based on the ''Qilue'' 七略 (Summaries" ), a bibliography that Liu Xiang 劉向 (79-8 BCE) and his son Liu Xin 劉歆 (ca. 46 BCE-AD 23) compiled on the basis of a survey they began in 26 BCE.〔Csikszentmihalyi and Nylan (2003), 68, n. 22.〕 * Zhang Zhongjing's preface to his ''Shanghan zabing lun'' 傷寒雜病論 (on Cold Injury and Miscellaneous Illnesses" ) (before 220 CE) mentions that he compiled his work on the basis of books that included the ''Suwen'' and the ''Jiujuan'' 九卷 (fascicles" ). In turn, the passages that Huangfu Mi (215-282) attributed to the ''Jiujuan'' in his ''AB Canon of Acupuncture and Moxibustion'' (''Zhenjiu jiayi jing'' 鍼灸甲乙經) all have equivalents in the received edition of the ''Lingshu''. * In the preface to his ''AB Canon of Acupuncture and Moxibustion'', Huangfu Mi claimed that the book listed as ''Huangdi neijing'' in the "Qilue yiwenzhi" 七略藝文志 was composed of two different parts: the ''Suwen'' ("Basic Questions") and the ''Zhenjing'' ("Needling Canon"), each in 9 juan, for a total of 18 juan. * In the preface to Wang Bing's 762 edition of the ''Suwen'' (762 CE), where he identified ''Lingshu'' as the second of the two texts that comprised the ''Huangdi neijing'' in his time.〔Sivin (1993), 203.〕 This was the first instance of the title ''Lingshu''. * Various titles similar to ''Zhenjing'' and ''Lingshu'' appeared in the bibliographies of the ''Old Book of Tang'' (''Jiu Tangshu'' 舊唐書) and the ''New Book of Tang'' (''Xin Tangshu'' 新唐書), suggesting that many different manuscript editions of a similar book were circulating in Tang times.〔Okanishi (1974), 9.〕 The titles as seen in the ''Old Book of Tang'' were: ''Huangdi zhenjing'' 黃帝鍼經 (Emperor's Canon of Acupuncture" ) (in 9 juan), ''Huangdi zhenjiu jing'' 黃帝鍼灸經 (Emperor's Canon of Acupuncture and Moxibustion" ) (12 juan), ''Huangdi jiuling jing'' 黃帝九靈經 (Emperor's Nine-Spirit Canon ), and ''Yugui zhenjing'' 玉匱針經 (of Acupuncture of the Golden Casket" ) (12 juan). * Early in the 11th century, the ''Huangdi zhenjing'' (Emperor's Canon of Acupuncture" ) was among the medical books the Goryeo court imported from Song China.〔Jeon (1974), 259-6.〕 * In 1067, the editors of the ''Suwen'' admitted that "since the ''Lingshu'' is no longer complete, we can no longer be sure" whether what Wang Bing called "Lingshu" always referred to the ''Zhenjing''.〔Cited in Sivin (1993), 203.〕 * In 1091, the Song court requested a copy of the ''Zhenjing'' from Goryeo, which delivered the book in 1093.〔Sivin (1993), 203.〕〔Sohn (1959), citing Wang Yingling's 王應臨 ''Yuhai'' 玉海 (of Jade"; completed before 1296 ), 63.23b.〕 * In 1155, a scholar called Shi Song 史崧, "regretting that ''Lingshu'' has long been out of circulation," presented his 24-juan edition of that book to the imperial court.〔Sivin (1993), 203.〕 His recension claimed to be based on a copy kept in his family, which he compared with fragments cited in other works. His renaming of the "Zhenjing" to "Lingshu" followed Wang Bing. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lingshu Jing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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