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Liquefaction
Liquefaction〔Some authors contend that there is a distinction between liquefaction and liquification (which is more commonly considered a misspelling), with the latter term applying only to processes involving heat. Ray Knox, David Stewart, ''The New Madrid Fault Finders Guide'' (1995), p. 36.〕 is a term used in materials sciences to refer to any process which either generates a liquid from a solid or a gas,〔"Pharmeceutical Processes: Processes of Liquefaction", ''The Pharmaceutical Era'' (April 20, 1899), Vol. 21, p. 503, stating that "() a process of liquefaction is meant any process the effect of which is to cause a solid or gaseous body to assume or pass into the liquid state".〕 or generates a non-liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics.〔"Liquefaction", ''The American Heritage Science Dictionary'' (2005), p. 363.〕 Liquefaction occurs both as part of natural processes, and in man-made processes used in science and commerce. For example, "() major commercial application of liquefaction is the liquefaction of air to allow separation of the constituents, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and the noble gases",〔Marshall Cavendish Corporation Staff, ''How It Works: Science and Technology'' (2003), p. 64.〕 while another application is the conversion of solid coal into a liquid form usable as a substitute for liquid fuels.〔James G. Speight, ''The Chemistry and Technology of Coal, Third Edition'' (2012), p. 545.〕
==Geology==
(詳細はgeology, soil liquefaction refers to the process by which water-saturated, unconsolidated sediments are transformed into a substance that acts like a liquid, often in an earthquake. By undermining the foundations and base courses of infrastructure, liquefaction can cause serious damage.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About Liquefaction )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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