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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク List of Jewish Nobel laureates ： ウィキペディア英語版 List of Jewish Nobel laureates The Nobel Prize is an annual, international prize first awarded in 1901 for achievements in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. An associated prize in Economics has been awarded since 1969.〔("Nobel Prize )" (2007), in ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', accessed 14 November 2007, from ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'': 〕 Nobel Prizes have been awarded to over 850 individuals,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=All Nobel Laureates )〕 of whom at least 20% were Jews, although Jews comprise less than 0.2% of the world's population〔 * * * (【引用サイトリンク】title= Jews make up less than 0.32% of mankind ) * * * * * * 〕 (or 1 in every 500 people). Overall, Jews have won a total of 41% of all the Nobel Prizes in economics, 28% of medicine, 26% of physics, 19% of chemistry, 13% of literature and 9% of all peace awards. Jews have been recipients of all six awards. The first Jewish recipient, Adolf von Baeyer, was awarded the prize in Chemistry in 1905. , the most recent Jewish recipients included 2014 literature laureate Patrick Modiano, as well as James Rothman and Randy Schekman (Medicine); Arieh Warshel, Michael Levitt and Martin Karplus (Chemistry); and François Englert (Physics), all in 2013. Jewish laureates Elie Wiesel and Imre Kertész survived the extermination camps during the Holocaust,〔("Winfrey selects Wiesel's 'Night' for book club" ), ''Associated Press'', January 16, 2006.〕 while François Englert survived by being hidden in orphanages and children's homes.〔 Others, such as Walter Kohn, Otto Stern, Albert Einstein, Hans Krebs and Martin Karplus had to flee Nazi Germany to avoid persecution.〔〔〔 Still others, including Rita Levi-Montalcini, Herbert Hauptman, Robert Furchgott, Arthur Kornberg, and Jerome Karle experienced significant antisemitism in their careers.〔〔 The oldest person ever to receive a Nobel Prize was Leonid Hurwicz, a Polish-American Jew who received the 2007 prize in Economics when he was 90 years old.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The oldest Laureate ) 〕 == Literature == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Jewish Nobel laureates」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.