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This list of battleships of the United States Navy consists of all ships with the hull classification symbol "BB". A number of these were started but never completed. All battleships have now been retired from service with the U.S. Navy. American battleships can be roughly divided into five types: coastal defense, pre-dreadnought, dreadnought, standard, and fast.〔U.S. Battleships. an illustrated design history by Norman Friedman: ISBN 0-87021-715-1〕 ==Late 1800s–1900s== ''Maine'' and ''Texas'' were part of the "New Navy" program of the 1880s. They, and BB-1 to BB-4 were authorized as "coast defense battleships".〔U.S. Warships of World War I by Paul Silverstone p.29〕 The next group, BB-5 ''Kearsarge'' through BB-25 ''New Hampshire'', followed general global pre-dreadnought design characteristics and entered service between 1900 and 1909. The definitive American predreadnought was the penultimate class of the type, the ''Connecticut'' class, sporting the usual four-gun array of 12" weapons, a very heavy intermediate and secondary battery, and a moderate tertiary battery. They were good sea boats and heavily armed and armored for their type. The final American pre-dreadnought class, the ''Mississippi''-class second-class battleships, were a poorly thought out experiment in increasing numbers regardless of quality, and the USN quickly wished to replace them, doing so in 1914, selling them to Greece to pay for a new super-dreadnought USS Idaho (BB-42). The dreadnoughts, BB-26 ''South Carolina'' through BB-35 ''Texas'', commissioned between 1910 and 1914, uniformly possessed twin turrets, introduced the superimposed turret arrangement that would later become standard on all battleships, and had relatively heavy armor and moderate speed (19–21 knots). Five of the ten ships favored the more mature vertical triple expansion (VTE) propulsion over fuel-inefficient but faster direct-drive turbines. The ships possessed 8 (''South Carolina'' class), 10 (''Delaware'' and ''Florida'') or 12 (''Wyoming'' class) 12" guns, or 10 (''New York'' class) 14" guns. The dreadnoughts gave good service, the last two classes surviving through World War II before being scrapped. However, they had some faults that were never worked out, and the midships turrets in the ten and twelve-gun ships were located near boilers and high-pressure steam lines, a factor that made refrigeration very difficult and problematic in hot climates. One of their number, ''Texas'' (BB-35), is the last remaining American battleship of the pre–World War II era and the only remaining dreadnought in the world. Next came the twelve Standards, beginning with BB-36 ''Nevada''. The last ship commissioned was BB-48 ''West Virginia'' (BB-49 through 54 were also Standards, but were never commissioned, and scrapped under the Washington Naval Treaty), commissioned over the period 1914 to 1920. ''Oklahoma'' (BB-37) was the last American battleship commissioned with triple expansion machinery; all the other Standards used either geared steam turbines (''Nevada'', the ''Pennsylvania''s, ''Idaho'' and ''Mississippi'') or turbo-electric propulsion (''New Mexico'', ''Tennessee'' through ''West Virginia''). The Standards were a group of ships with four turrets, oil fuel, a 21-knot top speed, a 700 yard tactical diameter at top speed, and heavy armor distributed on the "All or Nothing" principle. Armament was fairly consistent, starting with ten 14" guns in the ''Nevadas'', twelve in the ''Pennsylvania''s, ''New Mexico''s and ''Tennessee''s, and eight 16" guns in the ''Colorado''s. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of battleships of the United States Navy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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