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List of fallacies
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List of fallacies : ウィキペディア英語版
List of fallacies

A fallacy is an incorrect argument in logic and rhetoric which undermines an argument's logical validity or more generally an argument's logical soundness. Fallacies are either formal fallacies or informal fallacies.
== Formal fallacies ==
(詳細はargument's form. All formal fallacies are specific types of non sequiturs.
* Anecdotal fallacy – using a personal experience or an isolated example instead of sound reasoning or compelling evidence.
* Appeal to probability – is a statement that takes something for granted because it would probably be the case (or might be the case).
* Argument from fallacy – assumes that if an ''argument'' for some conclusion is fallacious, then the ''conclusion'' is false.
* Base rate fallacy – making a probability judgment based on conditional probabilities, without taking into account the effect of prior probabilities.
* Conjunction fallacy – assumption that an outcome simultaneously satisfying multiple conditions is more probable than an outcome satisfying a single one of them.
* Masked man fallacy (illicit substitution of identicals) – the substitution of identical designators in a true statement can lead to a false one.

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