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Litema
Litema (pronounced: /ditʼɪːma/; also spelled ''Ditema''; Singular: Tema, Sesotho for "field") is a form of Sotho mural art composed of decorative geometric patterns, commonly associated with the South Sotho tradition today practiced in Lesotho and neighboring areas of South Africa. Basotho women generate litema on the outer walls of homesteads by means of engraving, painting, relief mouldings and mosaic. Typically the geometric patterns are scratched with a forefinger or hair comb into the wet top layer of fresh clay and dung plaster, and are then painted with natural dyes or, in contemporary times, manufactured paint. Patterns resemble objects from the natural world and most often mimic ploughed fields or depict plant and animal life, sometimes associated with clan totems. Litema are not a permanent facade design, but decay in the sun or may be washed away by a heavy rain. It is common for women of an entire village to apply litema on special occasions such as a wedding or a religious ceremony.〔Paulus Gerdes: ''On Mathematical Ideas in Cultural Traditions of Central and Southern Africa''. In: Helaine Selin (Hrsg.): ''Mathematics across cultures''. New York 2001, S. 329–332.〕
==Etymology==
The Sotho noun ''litema'' denoting "Sesotho mural art" also refers to the associated concepts of "ploughed lands" and "texts". It is derived from the verb stem ''-lema'' (in the infinitive, ''ho lema'' "to cultivate"), which is a reflex of the Proto-Bantu root ''
*-dɪ̀m-'' "to cultivate (esp. with hoe)". The orthographic in ''li-'' (Class 10 noun class prefix for Sotho nouns) is pronounced () in Sotho since () is an allophone of /l/ occurring before the close vowels, /i/ and /u/. The orthographic can have three possible values in Sotho: /ɪ/, /ɛ/, and /e/. In is pronounced /ɪ/, as per the Proto-Bantu root.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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