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King crabs, also called stone crabs, are a superfamily of crab-like decapod crustaceans chiefly found in cold seas. Because of their large size and the taste of their meat, many species are widely caught and sold as food, the most common being the red king crab, ''Paralithodes camtschaticus''. King crabs are generally thought to be derived from hermit crab-like ancestors, which may explain the asymmetry still found in the adult forms. This ancestry is supported by several anatomical peculiarities which are present only in king crabs and hermit crabs. Although some doubt still exists about this theory, king crabs are the most widely quoted example of carcinisation among the Decapoda.〔 The evidence for this explanation comes from the asymmetry of the king crab's abdomen, which is thought to reflect the asymmetry of hermit crabs, which must fit into a spiral shell. Although formerly classified among the hermit crabs in the superfamily Paguroidea, king crabs are now placed in a separate superfamily, Lithodoidea.〔 This is not without controversy as there is a widespread consenus in the scientific community that king crabs are derived from hermit crabs and closely related to pagurid hermit crabs, and therefore a separate superfamily in the classification poorly reflects the phylogenetic relationship of this taxon.〔 == Species == Around 121 species are known, in 10 genera: *''Cryptolithodes'' Brandt, 1848 * *''Cryptolithodes expansus'' Miers, 1879 * *''Cryptolithodes sitchensis'' Brandt, 1853 – umbrella crab * *''Cryptolithodes typicus'' Brandt, 1848 – butterfly crab *''Glyptolithodes'' Faxon, 1895 * *''Glyptolithodes cristatipes'' (Faxon, 1893) *''Lithodes'' Latreille, 1806 * *''Lithodes aequispinus'' J. E. Benedict, 1895 – golden king crab * *''Lithodes aotearoa'' Ahyong, 2010 * *''Lithodes australiensis'' Ahyong, 2010 * *''Lithodes ceramensis'' Takeda & Nagai, 2004 * *''Lithodes chaddertoni'' Ahyong, 2010 * *''Lithodes confundens'' Macpherson, 1988 * *''Lithodes couesi'' J. E. Benedict, 1895 – scarlet king crab * *''Lithodes ferox'' Filhol, 1885 * *''Lithodes formosae'' Ahyong & Chan, 2010 * *''Lithodes galapagensis'' Hall & Thatje, 2009 * *''Lithodes jessica'' Ahyong, 2010 * *''Lithodes longispina'' Sakai, 1971 * *''Lithodes macquariae'' Ahyong, 2010 * *''Lithodes maja'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – Norway king crab * *''Lithodes mamillifer'' Macpherson, 1988d * *''Lithodes mandtii'' * *''Lithodes manningi'' Macpherson, 1988 * *''Lithodes megacantha'' Macpherson, 1991 * *''Lithodes murrayi'' Henderson, 1888 * *''Lithodes nintokuae'' Sakai, 1976 * *''Lithodes panamensis'' Faxon, 1893 * *''Lithodes paulayi'' Macpherson & Chan, 2008 * *''Lithodes rachelae'' Ahyong, 2010 * *''Lithodes richeri'' Macpherson, 1990 * *''Lithodes robertsoni'' Ahyong, 2010 * *''Lithodes santolla'' (Molina, 1782) – Chilean centolla or Chilean king crab * *''Lithodes turkayi'' Macpherson, 1988 * *''Lithodes turritus'' Ortmann, 1892 * *''Lithodes unicornis'' Macpherson, 1984 * *''Lithodes wiracocha'' Haig, 1974 *''Lopholithodes'' Brandt, 1848 * *''Lopholithodes foraminatus'' (Stimpson, 1859) – brown box crab * *''Lopholithodes mandtii'' Brandt, 1848 – Puget Sound king crab *''Neolithodes'' A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1894 * *''Neolithodes agassizii'' (S. I. Smith, 1882) * *''Neolithodes asperrimus'' Barnard, 1947 * *''Neolithodes brodiei'' Dawson & Yaldwyn, 1970 * *''Neolithodes bronwynae'' Ahyong, 2010 * *''Neolithodes capensis'' Stebbing, 1905 * *''Neolithodes diomedeae'' (J. E. Benedict, 1895) * *''Neolithodes duhameli'' Macpherson, 2004 * *''Neolithodes flindersi'' Ahyong, 2010 * *''Neolithodes grimaldii'' (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1894) * *''Neolithodes nipponensis'' Sakai, 1971 * *''Neolithodes vinogradovi'' Macpherson, 1988 * *''Neolithodes yaldwyni'' Ahyong & Dawson, 2006 *''Paralithodes'' Brandt, 1848 * *''Paralithodes brevipes'' (H. Milne Edwards & Lucas, 1841) * *''Paralithodes californiensis'' (J. E. Benedict, 1895) – California king crab * *''Paralithodes camtschaticus'' (Tilesius, 1815) – red king crab * *''Paralithodes platypus'' Brandt, 1850 – blue king crab * *''Paralithodes rathbuni'' (J. E. Benedict, 1895) *''Paralomis'' White, 1856 * *''Paralomis aculeata'' Henderson, 1888 * *''Paralomis africana'' Macpherson, 1982 * *''Paralomis alcockiana'' Hall & Thatje, 2009 * *''Paralomis anamerae'' Macpherson, 1988 * *''Paralomis arae'' Macpherson, 2001 * *''Paralomis arethusa'' Macpherson, 1994 * *''Paralomis aspera'' Faxon, 1893 * *''Paralomis birsteini'' Macpherson, 1988 * *''Paralomis bouvieri'' Hansen, 1908 * *''Paralomis ceres'' Macpherson, 1989 * *''Paralomis chilensis'' Andrade, 1980 * *''Paralomis cristata'' Takeda & Ohta, 1979 * *''Paralomis cristulata'' Macpherson, 1988 * *''Paralomis cubensis'' Chace, 1939 * *''Paralomis danida'' Takeda & Bussarawit, 2007 * *''Paralomis dawsoni'' Macpherson, 2001 * *''Paralomis diomedeae'' (Faxon, 1893) * *''Paralomis dofleini'' Balss, 1911 * *''Paralomis echidna'' Ahyong, 2010 * *''Paralomis elongata'' Spiridonov, Türkay, Arntz & Thatje, 2006 * *''Paralomis erinacea'' Macpherson, 1988 * *''Paralomis formosa'' Henderson, 1888 * *''Paralomis gowlettholmes'' Ahyong, 2010 * *''Paralomis granulosa'' (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846) * *''Paralomis grossmani'' Macpherson, 1988 * *''Paralomis haigae'' Eldredge, 1976 * *''Paralomis hirtella'' de Saint Laurent & Macpherson, 1997 * *''Paralomis histrix'' (De Haan, 1849) * *''Paralomis hystrixoides'' Sakai, 1980 * *''Paralomis inca'' Haig, 1974 * *''Paralomis indica'' Alcock & Anderson, 1899 * *''Paralomis investigatoris'' Alcock & Anderson, 1899 * *''Paralomis jamsteci'' Takeda & Hashimoto, 1990 * *''Paralomis japonicus'' Balss, 1911 * *''Paralomis kyushupalauensis'' Takeda, 1985 * *''Paralomis longidactylus'' Birstein & Vinogradov, 1972 * *''Paralomis longipes'' Faxon, 1893 * *''Paralomis makarovi'' Hall & Thatje, 2009 * *''Paralomis manningi'' Williams, Smith & Baco, 2000 * *''Paralomis medipacifica'' Takeda, 1974 * *''Paralomis mendagnai'' Macpherson, 2003 * *''Paralomis microps'' Filhol, 1884 * *''Paralomis multispina'' (Benedict, 1895) * *''Paralomis nivosa'' Hall & Thatje, 2009 * *''Paralomis ochthodes'' Macpherson, 1988 * *''Paralomis odawarai'' (Sakai, 1980) * *''Paralomis otsuae'' Wilson, 1990 * *''Paralomis pacifica'' Sakai, 1978 * *''Paralomis papillata'' (Benedict, 1895) * *''Paralomis pectinata'' Macpherson, 1988 * *''Paralomis phrixa'' Macpherson, 1992 * *''Paralomis poorei'' Ahyong, 2010 * *''Paralomis roeleveldae'' Kensley, 1981 * *''Paralomis seagranti'' Eldredge, 1976 * *''Paralomis serrata'' Macpherson, 1988 * *''Paralomis spectabilis'' Hansen, 1908 * *''Paralomis spinosissima'' Birstein & Vinogradov, 1972 * *''Paralomis staplesi'' Ahyong, 2010 * *''Paralomis stella'' Macpherson, 1988 * *''Paralomis stevensi'' Ahyong & Dawson, 2006 * *''Paralomis taylorae'' Ahyong, 2010 * *''Paralomis truncatispinosa'' Takeda & Miyake, 1980 * *''Paralomis tuberipes'' Macpherson, 1988 * *''Paralomis verrilli'' (Benedict, 1895) * *''Paralomis webberi'' Ahyong, 2010 * *''Paralomis zealandica'' Dawson & Yaldwyn, 1971 *''Phyllolithodes'' Brandt, 1848 * *''Phyllolithodes papillosus'' Brandt, 1848 – flatspine triangle crab, heart crab *''Rhinolithodes'' Brandt, 1848 * *''Rhinolithodes wosnessenskii'' Brandt, 1848 – rhinoceros crab *''Sculptolithodes'' Makarov, 1934 * *''Sculptolithodes derjugini'' Makarov, 1934 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「King crab」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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