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Lithornithidae
Lithornithidae is an extinct, possibly paraphyletic〔(Paleogene Fossil Birds )〕 clade of early paleognath birds. They are known from fossils dating to the Upper Paleocene through the Middle Eocene of North America and Europe, with possible Late Cretaceous representatives.〔〔(A lithornithid (Aves: Palaeognathae) from the Paleocene (Tiffanian) of southern California )〕 All are extinct today.
Lithornithids had long, slender, bills for probing. They closely resembled modern tinamous. They possessed a rhynchokinetic skull with relatively unfused cranial bones, a weakly fused pygostyle and a splenial. They had a strongly developed keel on the sternum. The smaller members in genus ''Lithornis'' and ''Pseudocrypturus'' were good fliers, but the heavier ''Paracathartes'' was probably only a facultative flier. The unguals were more curved than in tinamous and probably allowed better perching in trees.
The order Lithornithiformes was erected by Dr. Peter Houde in 1988. Three genera are included; ''Lithornis'', ''Paracathartes'', and ''Pseudocrypturus''. There are eight named species.〔 ''Promusophaga'' (Harrisson & Walker, 1977) may belong in Lithornithiformes too. ''Fissuravis'' may also belong to the clade,〔Gerald Mayr, ''Paleogene Fossil Birds''〕 and several unnamed remains are known.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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